Biological Flora of the British Isles: Fraxinus excelsior
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Fraxinus excelsior
复制标题
不列颠群岛的生物植物区系：白蜡树
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Thomas
本报告介绍了白蜡树 (Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash)) 生物学的各个方面的信息，这些信息与了解其生态特征和行为相关。主要主题在不列颠群岛生物植物区系的标准框架内呈现：分布、栖息地、群落、对生物因素的反应、对环境的反应、结构和生理学、物候学、花和种子特征、食草动物和疾病、历史和保护。白蜡树是一种大型森林树，原产于英国主要岛屿和欧洲大陆的大部分地区。幼苗耐荫，但成虫则不然，因此它往往是中间演替物种，侵入混合林分的间隙，而不是形成广泛的纯林分。白蜡树可在多种土壤中生长，但在碱度较高且 pH > 4.2 的营养丰富的土壤中最常见，在干燥的钙质碎石和肥沃的冲积土上效果最佳。白蜡树为三性异株或亚雌雄异株，有雄花、雌雄花木。种子产量丰富，丰收年产量较高。种子主要靠风传播，但它们可以漂浮并沿着水道移动相当长的距离。发芽因休眠而延迟，通常直到脱落后的第二个春天。白蜡树耐干旱，但不耐春季霜冻，因此预计在当前气候变化情况下会表现良好，而且最近在欧洲的范围确实在扩大。然而，白蜡树的健康和生存目前受到由真菌 Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea) 引起的白蜡枯萎病的严重影响，这种真菌有可能杀死除极少数抗性树木外的所有树木。此外，北美白蜡树的一种严重害虫——翡翠白蜡虫 Agrilus planipennis 已经到达欧洲（尽管尚未到达不列颠群岛），对白蜡树造成同样甚至更严重的长期威胁。
This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. Fraxinus excelsior is a large forest tree, native throughout the main islands of Britain and much of mainland Europe. Seedlings are shade tolerant, but adults are not so it tends to be an intermediate successional species, invading gaps in mixed stands rather than forming extensive pure stands. Ash grows on a wide range of soils but is commonest on nutrient‐rich soils with a high base status and pH > 4.2, and is at its best on dry calcareous screes and fertile alluvial soils. Fraxinus excelsior is trioecious or subdioecious with male, hermaphrodite and female flowers and trees. Seed production is prolific with periodic higher producing mast years. Seeds are primarily wind‐dispersed, but they can float and be moved considerable distances along waterways. Germination is delayed by dormancy until usually the second spring after being shed. Ash is tolerant of drought, but intolerant of spring frosts and so is predicted to fare well under current climate change scenarios, and indeed has recently been expanding in range in Europe. However, ash health and survival is currently seriously compromised by ash dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea) that has the potential to kill all but a very few resistant trees. Moreover, the emerald ash borer beetle Agrilus planipennis, a serious pest of ash species in N. America, has reached Europe (though not yet the British Isles) and poses an equally if not more serious long‐term threat to ash.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Lang, Christa;Seven, Jasmin;Polle, Andrea
通讯作者：
Polle, Andrea