Distributional effects of Oportunidades on early child development
Distributional effects of Oportunidades on early child development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.044
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Figueroa, Jose Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Figueroa, Jose Luis
墨西哥Occupidades计划旨在通过对极端贫困儿童的教育、健康和营养进行投资来增加人力资本。虽然该方案没有明确旨在促进儿童的认知和非认知发展，但该方案所采取的一系列行动最终可能促进这些领域的改善。以前的研究发现，Oakidades计划对儿童的认知几乎没有影响，但对他们的非认知发展有积极的影响。然而，大多数这些研究使用平均结果来衡量该计划的影响，从而忽略了其他“非平均”的影响。本文采用随机优势的方法，调查结果超出了平均值，通过比较累积分布的儿童谁是和儿童谁不是由程序的帮助。本研究以2595名2 ~ 6岁儿童为样本，分析了认知发展的四项指标和非认知发展的一项指标。2003年在墨西哥的农村社区收集了样本，作为项目评估的一部分。与以前的研究类似，该计划被发现对儿童的非认知能力产生积极影响：与未入学的儿童相比，参加该计划的儿童表现出较少的行为问题。此外，方案对女孩和男孩以及土著和非土著儿童产生了不同的影响。测量效果的范围覆盖了结果分布的很大一部分，这些范围包括样本中很大一部分儿童。在认知发展方面，只有一项指标（短期记忆）显示出积极效果。然而，这一指标的结果表明，认知发展价值低的儿童受益于该方案，而价值高的儿童则没有。总的来说，该方案对儿童发展产生了积极影响，特别是对处于分配底层的最弱势群体。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The Mexican Oportunidades program is designed to increase human capital through investments in education, health, and nutrition for children in extreme poverty. Although the program is not expressly designed to promote a child's cognitive and non-cognitive development, the set of actions carried out by the program could eventually facilitate improvements in these domains. Previous studies on the Oportunidades program have found little impact on children's cognition but have found positive effects on their non-cognitive development. However, the majority of these studies use the average outcome to measure the impact of the program and thus overlook other "non-average" effects. This paper uses stochastic dominance methods to investigate results beyond the mean by comparing cumulative distributions for both children who are and children who are not aided by the program. Four indicators of cognitive development and one indicator of non-cognitive development are analyzed using a sample of 2595 children aged two to six years. The sample was collected in rural communities in Mexico in 2003 as part of the program evaluation. Similar to previous studies, the program is found to positively influence children's non-cognitive abilities: children enrolled in the program manifest fewer behavioral problems compared with children who are not enrolled. In addition, different program effects are found for girls and boys and for indigenous and non-indigenous children. The ranges where the effect is measured cover a large part of the outcome's distribution, and these ranges include a large proportion of the children in the sample. With regard to cognitive development, only one indicator (short-term memory) shows positive effects. Nevertheless, the results for this indicator demonstrate that children with low values of cognitive development benefit from the program, whereas children with high values do not. Overall, the program has positive effects on child development, especially for the most vulnerable, who are at the bottom of the distribution. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.