A novel cross‐shore transport mechanism revealed by subsurface, robotic larval mimics: Internal wave deformation of the background velocity field
A novel cross‐shore transport mechanism revealed by subsurface, robotic larval mimics: Internal wave deformation of the background velocity field
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地下机器人幼虫模仿揭示了一种新颖的跨岸运输机制：背景速度场的内波变形
DOI：
10.1002/lno.11400
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Franks, Peter J. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garwood, Jessica C.;Lucas, Andrew J.;Naughton, Perry;Alford, Matthew H.;Roberts, Paul L. D.;Jaffe, Jules S.;deGelleke, Laura;Franks, Peter J. S.
海岸物理过程是至关重要的跨海岸运输的merodynonic幼虫到其底栖成虫栖息地。为了研究这些过程，我们发布了一群新颖的，可跟踪的，地下车辆，迷你自主水下探索者（M-AUE），我们编程来模仿幼虫的深度保持行为。M-AUE群在15-20分钟内测量了30-70 m的突然净陆上运输，我们对此进行了详细研究。在这里，我们描述了一种新的运输机制的深度保持浮游生物揭示了这些观察。现场测量和模型表明，当弱非线性内波通过群传播时，它使表面变形-加强，沿着等密度背景速度向下，加速岸上的深度保持生物。这些更高的速度增加了深度保持者在波浪中的停留时间和总的跨海岸位移，导致波浪诱导的运输是完全拉格朗日生物的两倍，是未扰动背景流的四倍。我们的分析还表明，整合速度时间序列从虚拟幼虫或模仿移动的流量产生更大，更准确的运输估计比整合速度时间序列在一个点（欧拉）。能够在该波浪/背景流系统中垂直游泳的生物的跨海岸运输增加在数学上类似于与高度非线性内波中水平游泳相关的岸上运输增加。然而，这里描述的机制需要更弱的游泳速度（mm s-1vs. cm s-1），以实现重要的岸上运输，并且半裂叶幼虫只需要垂直定向，而不是水平定向。
Coastal physical processes are essential for the cross‐shore transport of meroplanktonic larvae to their benthic adult habitats. To investigate these processes, we released a swarm of novel, trackable, subsurface vehicles, the Mini‐Autonomous Underwater Explorers (M‐AUEs), which we programmed to mimic larval depth‐keeping behavior. The M‐AUE swarm measured a sudden net onshore transport of 30–70 m over 15–20 min, which we investigated in detail. Here, we describe a novel transport mechanism of depth‐keeping plankton revealed by these observations. In situ measurements and models showed that, as a weakly nonlinear internal wave propagated through the swarm, it deformed surface‐intensified, along‐isopycnal background velocities downward, accelerating depth‐keeping organisms onshore. These higher velocities increased both the depth‐keepers' residence time in the wave and total cross‐shore displacement, leading to wave‐induced transports twice those of fully Lagrangian organisms and four times those associated with the unperturbed background currents. Our analyses also show that integrating velocity time series from virtual larvae or mimics moving with the flow yields both larger and more accurate transport estimates than integrating velocity time series obtained at a point (Eulerian). The increased cross‐shore transport of organisms capable of vertical swimming in this wave/background‐current system is mathematically analogous to the increase in onshore transport associated with horizontal swimming in highly nonlinear internal waves. However, the mechanism described here requires much weaker swimming speeds (mm s−1vs. cm s−1) to achieve significant onshore transports, and meroplanktonic larvae only need to orient themselves vertically, not horizontally.
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