Novel wireless sensors for in situ measurement of sub-ice hydrologic systems
Novel wireless sensors for in situ measurement of sub-ice hydrologic systems
复制标题
DOI：
10.3189/2014aog65a007
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Chandler, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bagshaw, E. A.;Lishman, B.;Chandler, D.
无线传感器有可能提供显着的洞察力，在冰下水文系统的现场物理和地球化学过程。然而，冰川环境的性质意味着传感器部署和数据返回具有挑战性。我们描述了两个定制的传感器平台，电子示踪剂或“ETracers”，和“cryoegg”，从冰川水文系统，包括冰下渠道的无线数据收集。两者都采用无线电频率进行数据传输，旨在承受恶劣的环境条件，并能承受低温，高压，湍流和磨损。我们讨论了ETracers和cryogg的设计，优化和现场测试，最终在格陵兰冰盖下进行测试部署。小型、低成本的ETracers能够穿过冰下排水通道，从那里他们通过100米的冰返回水压测量值，并可以测量裂缝中的水深。较大的cryoegg能够返回多参数数据，从冰臼通过500米的湿冰接收器到2公里以外，并从12米深的冰前湖接收器上的海岸。测试表明，cryoegg和ETracers是适用于冰川环境的低功耗，多功能，强大的无线传感器平台，可与便携式，低成本的接收设备一起使用。
Wireless sensors have the potential to provide significant insight into in situ physical and biogeochemical processes in sub-ice hydrologic systems. However, the nature of the glacial environment means that sensor deployment and data return is challenging. We describe two bespoke sensor platforms, electronic tracers or 'ETracers', and 'cryoegg', for untethered, wireless data collection from glacial hydrologic systems, including subglacial channels. Both employ radio frequencies for data transmission, are designed to endure harsh environmental conditions and can withstand low temperatures, high pressure, turbulence and abrasion. We discuss the design, optimization and field testing of the ETracers and cryoegg, culminating in test deployments beneath the Greenland ice sheet. The small, low-cost ETracers were able to travel through subglacial drainage channels, from where they returned water pressure measurements through 100 m of ice, and could measure water depth in crevasses. The larger cryoegg was able to return multi-parameter data from moulins through 500 m of wet ice to receivers up to 2 km away, and from 12 m depth in a proglacial lake to a receiver on the shore. The tests demonstrate that the cryoegg and ETracers are low-power, versatile, robust wireless sensor platforms suitable for glacial environments, which may be used with portable, low-cost receiving equipment.