Visual attention and self-regulation of driving among older adults.
Visual attention and self-regulation of driving among older adults.
复制标题
老年人驾驶的视觉注意力和自我调节。
DOI：
10.1017/s104161020700539x
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Ball,Karlene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okonkwo,OziomaC;Crowe,Michael;Wadley,VirginiaG;Ball,Karlene
随着老年司机数量的增加，人们提出了一种可行的方法来平衡老年人的自主性和有时相互竞争的公共安全需求。在这项研究中，我们调查了一组具有不同功能能力的老年人的驾驶自我调节。该研究的参与者包括1543名年龄在75岁及以上的司机。他们完成了一项客观的视觉注意力测量，以此来估计碰撞风险，以及驾驶回避、驾驶暴露、身体机能、一般健康状况和视力的自我报告测量。坠机记录是从国家公共安全部获得的。结果总体而言，参与者最可能避免在恶劣天气下驾驶，其次是夜间驾驶、在交通繁忙的道路上驾驶、在不熟悉的地区驾驶以及在迎面而来的车辆中向左转弯。除夜间驾驶外，事故风险较高的司机通常比风险较低的司机更能避免这些驾驶情况。然而，在所有驾驶情况下，很大一部分高风险司机没有限制驾驶。总的来说，驾驶的自我调节并不会导致社会参与的减少。结论部分老年视觉注意障碍驾驶员在困难情况下不限制驾驶。医生和家庭成员有必要定期与老年人讨论驾驶行为，以确保他们的安全。视觉注意力和驾驶限制之间的联系也对旨在保持老年人行动能力的干预措施有影响。
BackgroundWith the number of older drivers increasing, self-regulation of driving has been proposed as a viable means of balancing the autonomy of older adults against the sometimes competing demand of public safety. In this study, we investigate self-regulation of driving among a group of older adults with varying functional abilities.MethodParticipants in the study comprised 1,543 drivers aged 75 years or older. They completed an objective measure of visual attention from which crash risk was estimated, and self-report measures of driving avoidance, driving exposure, physical functioning, general health status, and vision. Crash records were obtained from the State Department of Public Safety.ResultsOverall, participants were most likely to avoid driving in bad weather followed by driving at night, driving on high traffic roads, driving in unfamiliar areas, and making left-hand turns across oncoming traffic. With the exception of driving at night, drivers at higher risk of crashes generally reported greater avoidance of these driving situations than lower risk drivers. However, across all driving situations a significant proportion of higher risk drivers did not restrict their driving. In general, self-regulation of driving did not result in reduced social engagement.ConclusionSome older drivers with visual attention impairments do not restrict their driving in difficult situations. There is a need for physicians and family members to discuss driving behaviors with older adults routinely to ensure their safety. The association between visual attention and driving restriction also has implications for interventions aimed at preserving mobility in the elderly.