Tail reduction process during human embryonic development
Tail reduction process during human embryonic development
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12774
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yamada, Shigehito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tojima, Sayaka;Makishima, Haruyuki;Yamada, Shigehito
虽然人的尾巴在出生时完全没有，但胚胎尾巴就像其他有尾羊膜动物一样形成。由于所有的形态变化都是由发育过程的变化产生的，阐明胚胎发育过程中的尾巴减少过程可能是阐明人类进化过程的必要条件。尾巴也引起了医学界的极大兴趣。被称为“人类尾巴”的先天性异常，即尾巴状结构的出现，已被报道并被认为是胚胎尾巴的残余；然而，这一假设尚未得到证实。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在建立一种新的方法来可视化胚胎中的所有体细胞。我们使用卡内基期（CS） 13至CS23的矢状切片胚胎。所有样本均来自日本京都大学先天性异常研究中心。结合显微技术和三维重建技术，我们对所有体质体进行了清晰的可视化和标记。我们发现somite的数量在CS16达到顶峰，然后急剧减少了大约5个somite。在其他短尾羊膜动物中也观察到尾巴减少，有时减少；因此，这一结果表明羊膜动物短尾的形态发生可能存在共同的机制。此外，我们的研究结果为了解被称为“人类尾巴”的先天性异常的原因提供了重要的见解。
Although the human tail is completely absent at birth, the embryonic tail is formed just as in other tailed amniotes. Since all morphological variations are created from variations in developmental processes, elucidation of the tail reduction process during embryonic development may be necessary to clarify the human evolutionary process. The tail has also been of great interest to the medical community. The congenital anomaly referred to as human tail', i.e. the occurrence of a tail-like structure, has been reported and was thought to represent a vestige of the embryonic tail; however, this hypothesis has not been verified. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to establish a new method to visualize all somites in an embryo. We used sagittal-sectioned embryos from Carnegie Stage (CS) 13 to CS23. All samples were obtained from the Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan. Combining photomicroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction, we clearly visualized and labeled all somites. We found that the number of somites peaked at CS16 and dramatically decreased by approximately five somites. Tail reduction with a decrease in somites has also been observed in other short-tailed amniotes; thus, this result suggested the possibility that there is a common mechanism for morphogenesis of short tails in amniote species. Additionally, our findings provided important insights into the cause of the congenital anomaly known as human tail'.