Beyond Strong Enforcement: Understanding the Factors Related to Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21
Beyond Strong Enforcement: Understanding the Factors Related to Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntab093
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发表时间：
2021-05-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Woodyard, Kiersten C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roberts, Megan E.;Klein, Elizabeth G.;Woodyard, Kiersten C.
《烟草21》（Tobacco 21，简称T21）将烟草的最低法律的销售年龄规定为21岁，现已成为美国的一项国家法律。虽然T21有望帮助遏制青少年烟草使用，但由于零售商遵守情况不佳，其影响可能会受到抑制。即使在执行力度很强的环境中（即，对违规行为进行坚韧的制裁进行合规检查），合规性也可能因其他因素而有所不同。目的和方法：在俄亥俄州哥伦布进行了三项研究，其中T21于2018年得到了强有力的执行。这些研究探讨了零售商的合规性如何与零售商所在社区的特征（研究1），零售商的特征（研究2）和零售收银员的特征（研究3）。结果：研究1发现，在控制了基于种族和年龄的因素后，位于高（与低）贫困社区的零售商进行身份（ID）检查的可能性较低。研究2发现，身份证检查与零售商是否按照城市法律的要求展示有关T21的标志有关。研究3发现，在收银员，T21的认识（这是高）和对T21（这是温和的）的看法一般不相关的零售商的合规性;有（与没有）扫描仪的ID checks.Conclusions的可能性更高：这些研究强调了许多，多层次的因素影响T21的结果。研究结果还表明，T21有可能扩大烟草使用的差异，这表明需要制定公平改善T21合规性的战略。
Introduction: Tobacco 21 (T21), which sets the minimum legal sales age for tobacco to age 21, is now a national law in the United States. Although T21 is expected to help curb youth tobacco use, its impact may be dampened due to poor retailer compliance. Even within environments where enforcement is strong (ie, compliance checks are conducted with tough sanctions for violations), compliance might vary due to other factors.Aims and Methods: Three studies were conducted in Columbus, OH, where T21 became strongly enforced in 2018. These studies examined how retailer compliance related to features of the neighborhood in which a retailer was located (Study 1), features of the retailer (Study 2), and features of the retail cashier (Study 3).Results: Study 1 found that, after controlling for race- and age-based factors, retailers located in high (vs. low)-poverty neighborhoods had a lower likelihood of conducting identification (ID) checks. Study 2 found that ID checks were related to whether retailers displayed signage about T21, as required by the city law. Study 3 found that, among cashiers, T21 awareness (which was high) and perceptions about T21 (which were moderate) were not generally related to their retailer's compliance; having (vs. not having) scanners for ID checks was related to a higher likelihood of compliance.Conclusions: These studies emphasize the many, multilevel factors influencing T21 outcomes. Findings also indicate the potential for T21 to widen disparities in tobacco use, indicating the need for strategies to equitably improveT21 compliance.