Quantifying the burden of disease associated with inadequate provision of water and sanitation in selected sub-Saharan refugee camps
Quantifying the burden of disease associated with inadequate provision of water and sanitation in selected sub-Saharan refugee camps
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DOI：
10.2166/wh.2009.089
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Hering, Heiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cronin, Aidan A.;Shrestha, Dinesh;Hering, Heiko
世卫组织的方法首次用于估计撒哈拉以南非洲国家难民营中与供水和卫生设施不完备直接相关的疾病负担。在7个国家的难民营中，2005年的人数不到100万，由于供水和卫生设施供应不足，据报有132 000例腹泻和280 000多例疟疾。在2005年至2007年期间，仅在埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的难民营中，估计就有1 400人直接死于供水和卫生设施不完善。与卫生组织提供的国家发病率估计数比较后发现，虽然难民营中腹泻的估计数往往较高，但死亡率估计数一般要低得多，这可能反映了难民营中更容易获得医疗援助。尽管有许多限制，但这些估计数突出表明了与难民环境中供水和卫生设施不完备有关的疾病负担，并可协助资源管理人员确定需要采取具体干预措施的难民营。此外，这些结果还强调了水、卫生和保健部门之间加强对话的重要性，并强调了通过加强水和卫生设施的提供，将大大加强减少难民发病率的努力。
A WHO methodology is used for the first time to estimate the burden of disease directly associated with incomplete water and sanitation provision in refugee camps in sub-Saharan African countries. In refugee camps of seven countries, containing just fewer than 1 million people in 2005, there were 132,000 cases of diarrhoea and over 280,000 reported cases of malaria attributable to incomplete water and sanitation provision. In the period from 2005 to 2007 1,400 deaths were estimated to be directly attributable to incomplete water and sanitation alone in refugee camps in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. A comparison with national morbidity estimates from WHO shows that although diarrhoea estimates in the camps are often higher, mortality estimates are generally much lower, which may reflect on more ready access to medical aid within refugee camps. Despite the many limitations, these estimates highlight the burden of disease connected to incomplete water and sanitation provision in refugee settings and can assist resource managers to identify camps requiring specific interventions. Additionally the results reinforce the importance of increasing dialogue between the water, sanitation and health sectors and underline the fact that efforts to reduce refugee morbidity would be greatly enhanced by strengthening water and sanitation provision.