The Contribution of Milk and Milk Products to Micronutrient Density and Affordability of the US Diet
The Contribution of Milk and Milk Products to Micronutrient Density and Affordability of the US Diet
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2011.10719986
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Drewnowski, Adam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Drewnowski, Adam
背景：为了取得成功，饮食指导需要确定营养丰富，负担得起和有吸引力的食物。对“美国人吃什么”的饮食调查分析现在可以通过营养密度和营养成本的分析来补充。目的：探讨9种食物对能量和营养素摄入的相对贡献，并评估主要食物组所选营养素的相对成本。膳食摄入量数据由连续4个周期的国家健康和营养检查调查提供（2001-2002年、2003-2004年、2005-2006年和2007-2008年国家卫生和营养状况调查）。通过将美国农业部（USDA）食品和营养数据库（FNDDS 2.0）与美国农业部食品价格数据库合并，可以对美国食品的营养价值和成本进行研究。计算每100千卡的营养密度。营养素成本计算为满足10%的每日价值为给定nutrities.Results：尽管他们的能量贡献低（10%-13%的能量），牛奶和奶制品贡献了47%的钙，42%的视黄醇，和65%的维生素D的儿童和成人的饮食的美元成本。牛奶和奶制品是核黄素、磷和维生素B-12的主要来源。成本分析表明，牛奶和奶制品是迄今为止成本最低的膳食钙来源，也是核黄素和维生素B-12成本最低的来源之一。蔬菜和水果是成本最低的维生素C来源，而干豆和豆类是成本最低的纤维来源。结论：每卡路里的营养素和营养素成本指标可以帮助确定负担得起的营养丰富的食物。
Background: To be successful, dietary guidance needs to identify foods that are nutrient rich, affordable, and appealing. Analyses of dietary surveys on "what we eat in America" can now be supplemented by analyses of nutrient density as well as nutrient cost.Objective: To explore the relative contribution of 9 food groups to energy and nutrient intakes and to assess the relative cost of selected nutrients by major food group.Method: Dietary intake data were provided by the 4 cycles of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008). Research on the nutritive value and cost of U.S. foods was made possible by the merging of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS 2.0) with the USDA food prices database. Nutrient densities were calculated per 100 kcal. Nutrient costs were calculated as the dollar cost of meeting 10% daily value for a given nutrient.Results: Despite their low energy contribution (10%-13% of energy), milk and milk products contributed 47% of calcium, 42% of retinol, and 65% of vitamin D to the diets of children and adults. Milk and milk products were among the top sources of riboflavin, phosphorous, and vitamin B-12. Cost analyses showed that milk and milk products were by far the lowest-cost source of dietary calcium and were among the lowest-cost sources of riboflavin and vitamin B-12. Vegetables and fruit were the lowest-cost sources of vitamin C, whereas dry beans and legumes were the lowest-cost sources of fiber.Conclusion: The nutrients-per-calorie and nutrient cost metrics can help identify affordable nutrient-rich foods.