Theories of Social Networks
Theories of Social Networks
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社交网络理论
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190251765.013.5
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jan Arendt Fuhse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jan Arendt Fuhse
长期以来，网络研究人员一直抱怨缺乏社交网络理论(Granovet-ter，1979；Wellman，1983，p.179)。对社交网络的研究是经验性的，或者是隐喻性的，对其实质没有太多担忧。在过去的30年里，许多研究人员试图填补这一“理论空白”。本章概述了最重要的研究方法：行动理论、实用主义/互动主义方法和关系社会学。Borgatti和Lopez-Kidwell(2011)对“网络理论”和“网络理论”进行了区分。他们认为网络理论是关于社会网络的影响(例如，对社会流动性的影响)，而网络理论是涵盖对网络的影响(例如，活动的焦点)。然而，Borgatti和Lopez-Kidwell的数据并不是真正的“理论”，而是网络机制的公式：将涉及网络的经常性可观测过程系统化(Wimmer&Lewis，2010，p.139ff)。一个恰当的理论治疗必须退一步，并为以下问题提供答案：什么是社交网络？为什么它们构成了社会世界的重要特征？它们与社会类别和其他文化形式、资源和社会流动性、正式组织和社会大领域等其他特征有何关系？我把重点放在社交网络上，因为这仍然是社会科学中网络研究的最重要的主题领域。此外，社会关系似乎不同于符号形式之间的关系，演员与实物之间的关系，以及事件之间的关系。因此，我们需要不同的理论来涵盖这些各自的
NETWORK researchers have long lamented a lack of theory of social networks (Granovet-ter, 1979; Wellman, 1983, p. 179). Social networks were studied empirically, or written about metaphorically, without worrying too much about their substance. Over the last 30 years, a number of researchers have attempted to fill this" theory gap." This chapter offers an overview of the most important approaches: the theory of action, pragmatist/interactionist approaches, and relational sociology.Borgatti and Lopez-Kidwell (2011) offer a distinction between" network theory," on the one hand, and" theory of networks" on the other. They view network theory as about the effects of social networks (eg, on social mobility), and theory of networks as covering the impacts on networks (eg, foci of activity). However, Borgatti and Lopez-Kidwell's can-didates are not really" theory," but formulations of network mechanisms: systematizing recurrent observable processes involving networks (Wimmer & Lewis, 2010, p. 139ff). A proper theoretical treatment has to take an additional step back and offer answers to the following questions: What are social networks? Why do they constitute important features of the social world? And how do they relate to other features like social categories and other cultural forms, resources and social mobility, formal organizations, and largescale fields of society? I focus on social networks because these are still the most important subject area of network research in the social sciences. Also, social relationships seem to be different from relations between symbolic forms, between actors and material objects, and between events. Therefore, we need different theory to cover these respective