"As the twig is bent, the tree inclines" (perhaps)
"As the twig is bent, the tree inclines" (perhaps)
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“当树枝弯曲时，树就会倾斜”（也许）
DOI：
10.1164/arrd.1980.122.6.813
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Taussig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Burrows;L. Taussig
多年来，关于成人气道阻塞性疾病（AOD）的发病机制的研究集中在病因和/或危险因素上，如吸烟、空气污染、职业因素、生化异常（例如α-SMA）、呼吸道疾病（AAD）、呼吸道疾病（AAD）和呼吸道疾病（AAD）。抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症）和遗传易感性。对儿童期下呼吸道疾病（LRI）的研究主要集中在诱发因素（如母乳喂养、父母吸烟）和这些疾病的急性方面（包括喉气管支气管炎或哮吼、肺炎和细支气管炎）。然而现在，这两个明显不同的肺部医学领域的研究人员发现自己正在研究潜在的相关问题。事实上，儿童时期的“急性”下呼吸道疾病可能会有长期的肺部后遗症（1），而成年人的大部分AOD可能起源于儿童时期（2）。虽然”急性”儿童LRI的产生慢性肺部变化，易患成人AOD的假设是有吸引力的，但目前几乎没有具体的证据支持它，真正将成人生活中的呼吸道症状与儿童时期记录的疾病联系起来的唯一前瞻性研究是由Colley及其同事进行的（3，4）。这些研究者表明，咳嗽的患病率在20- 25岁的人中增加，这些人在两岁时被认为患有”下呼吸道感染，即支气管炎、支气管肺炎或肺炎”（3，4）。作为一个年轻的成年人，这种更大的咳嗽倾向是否意味着以后更有可能发生严重的AOD仍然不清楚，特别是考虑到弗莱彻和同事的研究，（5）未能表明咳嗽史预示着中期肺功能过度下降-几乎所有其他暗示儿童期疾病与成人AOD之间关系的研究都是回顾性的，并且依赖于对儿童期事件的回忆。被成年人。如果童年事件回忆不好，这种类型的研究可能无法检测到相关性，特别是在老年受试者中。
For many years, studies on the pathogenesis of adult airways obstructive disease (AOD) have concentrated on etiologic and/or risk factors such as smoking, air pollution, occupational factors, biochemical abnormalities (eg, alpha.-antitrypsin deficiency), and genetic predisposition. Studies of lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRI) during childhood have focused primarily on predisposing factors (eg, breast feeding, parental smoking), and on the acute aspects of these illnesses (which include laryngotracheobronchitis or croup, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis). Now, however, investigators in these two apparently divergent areas of pulmonary medicine are finding themselves studying potentially related problems." Acute" lower respiratory tract illnesses in childhood may, in fact, have long-term pulmonary sequelae (1), and much of adult AOD may have its origins during childhood (2). While the hypothesis that" acute" childhood LRI's produce chronic lung changes which predispose to adult AOD is attractive, there is at present little concrete evidence to support it. The only prospective study which has actually related respiratory symptoms in adult life with illnesses recorded during childhood is that conducted by Colley and co-workers (3, 4). These investigators have shown that the prevalence of cough is increased in 20-and 25-year-olds who, at the age of two years, were said to have had" a lower respiratory tract infection-that is, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, or pneumonia"(3, 4). Whether this greater tendency to cough as a young adult indicates a higher probability of later serious AOD remains unclear, especially in view of the study of Fletcher and associates,(5) which failed to show that a history of cough predicted an excessive rate of decline in lung function in middle-aged adults.Nearly all other studies which imply a relationship between childhood illness and adult AOD are retrospective and depend on recall of childhood events by adults. Studies of this type may fail to detect an association, especially among elderly subjects, if childhood events are poorly recalled.