Waiting for the state: Gender, citizenship and everyday encounters with bureaucracy in India
Waiting for the state: Gender, citizenship and everyday encounters with bureaucracy in India
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0263774x18802930
复制
发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
De Neve, Geert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carswell, Grace;Chambers, Thomas;De Neve, Geert
这篇文章的重点是实践和意义的时间和等待所经历的穷人，下层贱民和穆斯林在他们的日常遭遇与国家在印度。从泰米尔纳德邦和北方邦的人种学研究借鉴，它提出了排队等候和申请文书工作，卡和福利计划的经验，以检查在公民身份和公民机构的生产时间过程中的作用。对各种形式的等待--“当天”、“来回”和“长期”等待--的分析揭示了时间过程如何作为权力和控制机制运作，国家行为者和其他调解人通过这些机制产生不同形式的公民身份和公民。我们认为，时间过程及其物质结果是由阶级、种姓和宗教塑造的，同时也借鉴和再现了性别身份和不平等。然而，我们并不是国家的“被动”病人，而是展示普通人如何利用金钱，赞助网络和各种表演行为来确保他们作为印度公民的权利。
This article focuses on practices and meanings of time and waiting experienced by poor, low-class Dalits and Muslims in their routine encounters with the state in India. Drawing on ethnographic research from Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh, it presents experiences of waiting around queuing and applying for paperwork, cards, and welfare schemes, in order to examine the role of temporal processes in the production of citizenship and citizen agency. An analysis of various forms of waiting - 'on the day', 'to and fro', and 'chronic' waiting - reveals how temporal processes operate as mechanisms of power and control through which state actors and other mediators produce differentiated forms of citizenship and citizens. Temporal processes and their material outcomes, we argue, are shaped by class, caste and religion, while also drawing on - and reproducing - gendered identities and inequalities. However, rather than being 'passive' patients of the state, we show how ordinary people draw on money, patronage networks and various performative acts in an attempt to secure their rights as citizens of India.