Extensive polymorphism in the mitochondrial DNA of apes.
Extensive polymorphism in the mitochondrial DNA of apes.
复制标题
猿线粒体 DNA 中存在广泛的多态性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Allan C. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. D. Ferris;Wesley M. BROWNt;William S. DAVIDSONt;Allan C. Wilson
在mtDNA的核苷酸序列方面，猿类物种的变异性比人类物种大2-10倍，尽管猿类种群数量比人类种群少至少10，000年。这一发现是通过比较纯化的mtDNA从27个人的帮助下，25限制性内切酶;对于另外59个人，比较较少的酶，通过使用印迹杂交方法。婆罗洲和苏门答腊的猩猩之间的种内序列差异最大。在普通黑猩猩中，很大一部分变异是由于两种高度不同的mtDNA形式，这可能反映了一个主要的地理细分。序列变异最少的是低地大猩猩，它们的序列变异只有人类的两倍。猿类之间巨大的种内差异，再加上地质和蛋白质证据，使我们提出，每一个猿类物种都是一个古老而广泛的种群的残余，这个种群在地理上被细分，规模和范围缩小，也许是由于原始人的竞争。人类mtDNA之间的低变异与人类物种年轻的地质证据相一致。还检查了线粒体基因组内位点变化的分布。比较密切相关的mtDNA，发现核糖体RNA基因的分化比基因组的其他部分慢。
Ape species are 2-10 times more variable than the human species with respect to the nucleotide sequence of mtDNA, even though ape populations have been smaller than the human population for at least 10,000 years. This finding was made by comparing purified mtDNAs from 27 individuals with the aid of 25 restriction endonucleases; for an additional 59 individuals, comparisons were made with fewer enzymes by using the blot hybridization method. The amount of intraspecific sequence divergence was greatest between orangutans of Borneo and Sumatra. Among common chimpanzees, a large component of the variation is due to two highly distinct forms of mtDNA that may reflect a major geographic subdivision. The least amount of sequence variation occurred among lowland gorillas, which exhibit only twice as much sequence variation as humans. The large intraspecific differences among apes, together with the geological and protein evidence, leads us to propose that each ape species is the remnant of an ancient and widespread population that became subdivided geographically and reduced in size and range, perhaps by hominid competition. The low variation among human mtDNAs is consistent with geological evidence that the human species is young. The distribution of site changes within the mitochondrial genome was also examined. Comparison of closely related mtDNAs shows that the ribosomal RNA genes have diverged more slowly than the rest of the genome.