Autonomy and Personal History
Autonomy and Personal History
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自主权和个人历史
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
J. Christman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Christman
几乎任何对一个人的福利、诚信或道德地位的评估，以及建立在这些评估基础上的道德和政治理论，都将至关重要地依赖于这样一个假设，即她的偏好和价值观在某种重要意义上是她自己的。特别是，政治自由的性质和价值与这样一个前提密切相关，即一个人可以自由行动的愿望和价值观是真正表达代理人的“自治”的。然而，我们都知道，没有一个人是白手起家的，因为他是一个从无到有、完全成形和完好无损的人。我们的价值观和偏好是通过对各种影响的基本参考来解释的，这些影响贯穿了我们的个人历史。因此，我们需要的是建立一个关于自决或自治的解释，这将有助于确定我们发现自己所拥有的价值观和偏好何时以及是否配得上道德和政治理论赋予它们的中心地位。
Virtually any appraisal of a person’s welfare, integrity, or moral status, as well as the moral and political theories built on such appraisals, will rely crucially on the presumption that her preferences and values are in some important sense her own. In particular, the nature and value of political freedom is intimately connected with the presupposition that actions one is left free to do flow from desires and values that are truly an expression of the ‘self-government’ of the agent. However, we all know that no person is self-made in the sense of being a fully formed and intact ‘will’ blossoming out of nowhere. Our values and preferences are explained by essential reference to a variety of influences that have come to bear on our development throughout our personal histories. What is needed, then, is to establish an account of self-determination or autonomy that would help determine just when and if the values and preferences we find ourselves with deserve the centrality that moral and political theories place on them.