Inorganic Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Inorganic Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Water Splitting
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DOI：
10.1002/chin.201323181
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发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Osterloh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Osterloh
人类对清洁和可再生能源的需求日益增长，刺激了人工光合作用的研究，特别是水的光电解作为氢燃料的途径。纳米结构器件被广泛认为是提高效率和降低成本的机会，但正如详细分析所示，它们也有相当大的缺点。本文综述了水裂解反应中纳米增强光电极和光催化剂的研究现状。重点是过渡金属氧化物，特别强调Fe2O3，但氮化物和硫属化物，以及主族元素化合物，包括氮化碳和硅，也包括在内。纳米结构对载流子产生和收集，多激子产生，量子限制的影响也进行了讨论，以及颗粒尺寸对表面复合的影响，对空间电荷层的大小和通过潜在的决定离子控制纳米结构能量的可能性。在总结了电催化和等离子体纳米结构之后，综述最后展望了纳米无机材料在太阳能燃料发电中的挑战。
The increasing human need for clean and renewable energy has stimulated research in artificial photosynthesis, and in particular water photoelectrolysis as a pathway to hydrogen fuel. Nanostructured devices are widely regarded as an opportunity to improve efficiency and lower costs, but as a detailed analysis shows, they also have considerably disadvantages. This article reviews the current state of research on nanoscale-enhanced photoelectrodes and photocatalysts for the water splitting reaction. The focus is on transition metal oxides with special emphasis of Fe2O3, but nitrides and chalcogenides, and main group element compounds, including carbon nitride and silicon, are also covered. The effects of nanostructuring on carrier generation and collection, multiple exciton generation, and quantum confinement are also discussed, as well as implications of particle size on surface recombination, on the size of space charge layers and on the possibility of controlling nanostructure energetics via potential determining ions. After a summary of electrocatalytic and plasmonic nanostructures, the review concludes with an outlook on the challenges in solar fuel generation with nanoscale inorganic materials.