End-plate acetylcholine receptor: structure, mechanism, pharmacology, and disease.

End-plate acetylcholine receptor: structure, mechanism, pharmacology, and disease.
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DOI:
10.1152/physrev.00015.2011
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发表时间:
2012-07
影响因子:
33.6
通讯作者:
Sine SM
Sine SM
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sine SM

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突触是神经元和效应细胞之间的局部神经体液接触,可以被认为是快速细胞间通讯的量子。类似地,突触后神经递质受体可以被认为是快速化学到电转导的量子。大约一百年前,我们对突触后受体的认识开始发展,证明电刺激迷走神经会释放乙酰胆碱并减慢心跳。在过去的 50 年里,对突触后受体的了解迅速取得进展,这主要归功于对运动终板乙酰胆碱受体 (AChR) 的研究。终板 AChR 属于一个大的神经递质受体超家族,称为 Cys 环受体,并作为探索中枢和周围神经系统快速突触传递的基本结构和机制的示例受体。最近的研究提供了关于 AChR 结构和分子运动交响乐的越来越详细的图景,这些运动支撑着其非常快速和有效的化学电转导。
The synapse is a localized neurohumoral contact between a neuron and an effector cell and may be considered the quantum of fast intercellular communication. Analogously, the postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor may be considered the quantum of fast chemical to electrical transduction. Our understanding of postsynaptic receptors began to develop about a hundred years ago with the demonstration that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve released acetylcholine and slowed the heart beat. During the past 50 years, advances in understanding postsynaptic receptors increased at a rapid pace, owing largely to studies of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the motor endplate. The endplate AChR belongs to a large superfamily of neurotransmitter receptors, called Cys-loop receptors, and has served as an exemplar receptor for probing fundamental structures and mechanisms that underlie fast synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent studies provide an increasingly detailed picture of the structure of the AChR and the symphony of molecular motions that underpin its remarkably fast and efficient chemoelectrical transduction.
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