Gender inequality, health expenditure and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A secondary data analysis
Gender inequality, health expenditure and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A secondary data analysis
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DOI：
10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.471
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发表时间：
2013-08-13
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Van der Putten M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chirowa F;Atwood S;Van der Putten M
本文分析了性别不平等、卫生支出及其与孕产妇死亡率的关系。本文的目的是探讨性别不平等及其与卫生支出和孕产妇死亡率在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的关系。采用了一种独特的分析方法，将性别不平等指数、卫生支出和孕产妇死亡率联系起来。全球信息指数反映了三个方面的不平等现象-生殖健康、增强妇女权能和男女之间的劳动力参与。GII是联合国开发计划署在2010年推出的一个综合指数，它纠正了其他性别指数的缺点。虽然全球信息指数在计算中纳入了产妇死亡率，但不应将其视为产妇死亡率的替代，而应视为产妇死亡率的补充。使用定量数据和定性信息进行二次文献综述的探索性和描述性设计。该文章提到撒哈拉以南非洲，但根据现有数据，有目的地选择了七个国家进行深入分析。选定的国家是安哥拉、博茨瓦纳、马拉维、莫桑比克、南非、赞比亚和津巴布韦。与性别不平等程度较低的国家相比，性别不平等指数所反映的性别不平等程度较高的国家的孕产妇死亡率较高，而卫生支出较少的国家的孕产妇死亡率高于卫生支出较多的国家。两性不平等、保健支出和孕产妇死亡率之间存在潜在的关系。性别不平等是系统性的，发生在宏观、社会和家庭层面。
This article provided an analysis of gender inequality, health expenditure and its relationship to maternal mortality. The objective of this article was to explore gender inequality and its relationship with health expenditure and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A unique analysis was used to correlate the Gender Inequality Index (GII), Health Expenditure and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR). The GII captured inequalities across three dimensions – Reproductive health, Women empowerment and Labour force participation between men and women. The GII is a composite index introduced by the UNDP in 2010 and corrects for the disadavanatges of the other gender indices. Although the GII incorporates MMR in its calculation, it should not be taken as a substitute for, but rather as complementary to, the MMR. An exploratory and descriptive design to a secondary documentary review using quantitative data and qualitative information was used. The article referred to sub-Saharan Africa, but seven countries were purposively selected for an in-depth analysis based on the availability of data. The countries selected were Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Countries with high gender inequality captured by the gender inequality index were associated with high maternal mortality ratios as compared with countries with lower gender inequality, whilst countries that spend less on health were associated with higher maternal deaths than countries that spend more. A potential relationship exists between gender inequality, health expenditure, and maternal mortality. Gender inequalities are systematic and occur at the macro, societal and household levels.