Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing
Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing
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DOI：
10.1097/00012272-197810000-00004
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发表时间：
1978-10
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
B. Carper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Carper
它是任何研究领域的一般概念，最终决定了该领域旨在发展的知识类型，以及该知识的组织、测试和应用方式。作为护理实践基本原理的知识体系具有模式、形式和结构，作为期望的视野，并举例说明思考现象的特征方式。了解这些模式对护理学的教学至关重要。这样的理解并没有扩展知识的范围，而是涉及到对“知道”意味着什么以及在护理学科中哪些知识被认为是最有价值的问题的批判性关注。通过对护理知识的概念和句法结构的分析，确定了四种基本的认识模式。这四种模式根据逻辑意义类型进行区分，并指定为(1)经验，护理科学；(2)美学，护理艺术；(3)个人护理知识的组成部分；(4)伦理学，护理中道德知识的组成部分。直到20世纪50年代后期，护理科学这个术语才在文献中被很少使用。然而,
It is the general conception of any field of inquiry that ultimately determines the kind of knowledge the field aims to develop as well as the manner in which that knowledge is to be organized, tested, and applied. The body of knowledge that serves as the rationale for nursing practice has patterns, forms, and structure that serve as horizons of expectations and exemplify characteristic ways of thinking about phenomena. Understanding these patterns is essential for the teaching and learning of nursing. Such an understanding does not extend the range of knowledge, but rather involves critical attention to the question of what it means to know and what kinds of knowledge are held to be of most value in the discipline of nursing. Four fundamental patterns of knowing have been identified from an analysis of the conceptual and syntactical structure of nursing knowledge. 1 The four patterns are distinguished according to logical type of meaning and designated as (1) empirics, the science of nursing; (2) esthetics, the art of nursing; (3) the component of a personal knowledge in nursing; and (4) ethics, the component of moral knowledge in nursing. The term nursing science was rarely used in the literature until the late 1950s. However,