The role of nature in coping with psycho-physiological stress: a literature review on restorativeness.
The role of nature in coping with psycho-physiological stress: a literature review on restorativeness.
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DOI：
10.3390/bs4040394
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发表时间：
2014-10-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Berto R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berto R
物理环境可以在应对压力方面发挥作用；特别是实验研究发现了接触自然环境与从生理压力和精神疲劳中恢复之间的有力证据，为压力恢复理论和注意力恢复理论提供了支持。事实上，与城市环境相比，暴露在自然环境中可以保护人们免受环境压力的影响，并提供生理、情感和注意力的恢复。允许个人适应性资源更新以满足日常生活需求的自然场所被称为恢复性环境。与城市环境相比，自然环境能引起更大的平静反应，而且与他们的视力有关，生理上的压力症状普遍减少。暴露在自然场景中可以调节压力的负面影响，减少消极情绪状态，最重要的是增强积极情绪。此外，通过观赏自然的有益效果，人们可以恢复与压力相关的认知能力下降，特别是在注意力任务中。考虑到与自然接触的诸多好处，城市环境规划应注重恢复性。
Physical settings can play a role in coping with stress; in particular experimental research has found strong evidence between exposure to natural environments and recovery from physiological stress and mental fatigue, giving support to both Stress Recovery Theory and Attention Restoration Theory. In fact, exposure to natural environments protects people against the impact of environmental stressors and offer physiological, emotional and attention restoration more so than urban environments. Natural places that allow the renewal of personal adaptive resources to meet the demands of everyday life are called restorative environments. Natural environments elicit greater calming responses than urban environments, and in relation to their vision there is a general reduction of physiological symptoms of stress. Exposure to natural scenes mediates the negative effects of stress reducing the negative mood state and above all enhancing positive emotions. Moreover, one can recover the decrease of cognitive performance associated with stress, especially reflected in attention tasks, through the salutary effect of viewing nature. Giving the many benefits of contact with nature, plans for urban environments should attend to restorativeness.