Augmented Lawyering
Augmented Lawyering
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强化律师服务
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3688896
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Sako
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Armour;R. Parnham;M. Sako
人工智能（AI）和相关数字技术将如何重塑律师的工作和律师事务所的结构？传统上，法律服务由高技能人员（即律师）提供。人工智能最近取得的巨大进展引发了人们对自动化系统在法律服务中可能在多大程度上取代人类的猜测。一个相关的争论是，法律界对合伙形式的坚持是否会抑制投资新技术所需的资金筹集。本文介绍了据我们所知，迄今为止对人工智能在法律服务中的实施进行的最全面的实证研究，包括基于访谈的案例研究和调查数据。我们关注两个相互关联的问题：法律服务工作的性质将如何变化，以及协调这项工作的公司将如何组织。一个中心主题是，先前关注变革的“人类与技术”方面的争论忽视了技术正在改变法律服务的人类层面的方式。我们对人工智能对法律服务工作影响的分析表明，虽然人工智能将在某些任务中取代人类，但它也会改变那些未被取代的人的工作。它将增强使用人工智能服务作为工作投入的人类律师的能力，并为法律专家在提供这些人工智能服务方面创造新的角色。我们记录了这些新角色聚集在多学科团队（“MDT”）中，这些团队将法律与一系列其他学科的投入相结合，以增强技术系统的运行。我们确定了传统律师事务所面临的挑战 * 牛津大学法学院法律与金融学教授。英国科学院院士和欧洲公司治理研究所院士。 ** 牛津大学赛德商学院研究员。 *** 牛津大学赛德商学院管理学教授。这项研究由 UKRI 根据下一代服务产业战略挑战基金资助。它是“解锁英国法律中人工智能的潜力”计划的一部分：https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/unlocking-pottial-artificial-intelligence-englishlaw。我们感谢 James Faulconbridge、Richard Susskind 对早期草稿的评论……[]。本文还受益于牛津大学商法研讨会、牛津赛德商学院 2020 年专业服务公司年会以及社会经济促进协会 (SASE) 2020 年年会收到的反馈。 2 实施人工智能方面的增强律师合作伙伴关系 [2020 年 8 月 21 日]。与之前的争论相反，这些并不是因为财务限制而转向技术资产投资。相反，核心问题与人力资本有关：做出必要的战略决策；招募、协调和激励必要的 MDT；并调整专业界限。这些发现对律师、律师事务所和法律职业具有重要意义。
How will artificial intelligence (AI) and associated digital technologies reshape the work of lawyers and structure of law firms? Legal services are traditionally provided by highly-skilled humans—that is, lawyers. Dramatic recent progress in AI has triggered speculation about the extent to which automated systems may come to replace humans in legal services. A related debate is whether the legal profession’s adherence to the partnership form inhibits capital-raising necessary to invest in new technology. This Article presents what is to our knowledge the most comprehensive empirical study yet conducted into the implementation of AI in legal services, encompassing interview-based case studies and survey data. We focus on two inter-related issues: how the nature of legal services work will change, and how the firms that co-ordinate this work will be organized. A central theme is that prior debate focusing on the “human vs technology” aspect of change overlooks the way in which technology is transforming the human dimensions of legal services. Our analysis of the impact of AI on legal services work suggests that while it will replace humans in some tasks, it will also change the work of those who are not replaced. It will augment the capabilities of human lawyers who use AI-enabled services as inputs to their work and generate new roles for legal experts in producing these AI-enabled services. We document these new roles being clustered in multidisciplinary teams (“MDTs”) that mix legal with a range of other disciplinary inputs to augment the operation of technical systems. We identify challenges for traditional law firm * Professor of Law and Finance, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy and the European Corporate Governance Institute. ** Research Fellow, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. *** Professor of Management Studies, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. This research is funded by UKRI pursuant to the Next Generation Services Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund. It forms part of the program Unlocking the Potential of AI in English Law: https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/unlocking-potential-artificial-intelligence-englishlaw. We are grateful for comments on earlier drafts from James Faulconbridge, Richard Susskind ... []. This paper has also benefited from feedback received at a Business Law Workshop at Oxford University, the Oxford Saïd Business School Annual Conference on Professional Services Firms 2020, and the Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics (SASE) 2020. 2 AUGMENTED LAWYERING [21-Aug-20] partnerships in implementing AI. Contrary to prior debate, these do not flow from constraints on finance to invest in technical assets. Rather, the central problems have to do with human capital: making necessary strategic decisions; recruiting, coordination and motivation the necessary MDTs; and adjusting professional boundaries. These findings have important implications for lawyers, law firms and the legal profession.