Epithelial cells as sensors for microbial infection
Epithelial cells as sensors for microbial infection
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DOI：
10.1172/jci119522
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Eckmann, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kagnoff, MF;Eckmann, L
肠道、呼吸道和泌尿生殖道的粘膜表面是微生物病原体进入宿主的最重要途径，也是微生物诱导疾病的重要部位。微生物病原体的粘液菌感染可导致一系列疾病表现，从轻度和自限性到暴发性和致命性，或者可以是慢性和使人衰弱的。后者可能是由于反复感染而发生的，最终导致器官功能障碍。结果的可变性取决于感染病原体的毒力差异和宿主反应的有效性。粘膜表面的上皮细胞是将宿主的内部环境与外部环境分开的重要机械屏障，因为环境中发现的大多数微生物，包括大肠中的细菌，不会进入上皮细胞。除了屏障功能外，不同粘膜部位（如泌尿、膀胱和小肠）和给定器官系统内不同位置（如胃和结肠）的上皮细胞具有专门的宿主适应性功能。例如，在胃肠道中，上皮细胞在离子转运和液体吸收和分泌中具有重要作用。对于侵入宿主的病原体，上皮细胞是与宿主接触的第一个部位，这与本文有关。
Mucosal surfaces of the intestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts are the most important route of entry of microbial pathogens into the host, and are important sites of microbially induced disease. Mucosal infections with microbial pathogens can result in a spectrum of disease manifestations that range from mild and self-limited to fulminant and lethal, or can be chronic and debilitating. The latter may occur in response to repetitive infections and eventually lead to organ dysfunction. The variability in outcome is determined by differences in the virulence of the infecting pathogens, and the effectiveness of the host response.Epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces are an important mechanical barrier that separates the host’s internal milieu from the external environment, as most microbes found in the environment, including commensals in the large bowel, do not enter epithelial cells. In addition to barrier functions, epithelial cells at different mucosal sites (eg, urinary, bladder, and small intestine) and at different locations within a given organ system (eg, stomach and colon) have specialized host adaptive functions. In the gastrointestinal tract, for example, epithelial cells have an important role in ion transport and fluid absorption and secretion. For pathogens that invade the host, epithelial cells are the first site of contact with the host, which is relevant for this article.