Genome analysis of Phrixothrix hirtus (Phengodidae) railroad worm shows the expansion of odorant-binding gene families and positive selection on morphogenesis and sex determination genes
Genome analysis of Phrixothrix hirtus (Phengodidae) railroad worm shows the expansion of odorant-binding gene families and positive selection on morphogenesis and sex determination genes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gene.2022.146917
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发表时间：
2022-10-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Viviani，Vadim Ravara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amaral，Danilo Trabuco;Mitani，Yasuo;Viviani，Vadim Ravara
在Elateroidae超家族的生物发光甲虫中，Phengodidae是第三大科，有244种生物发光物种仅分布在美洲，但从系统发育和进化的角度来看，仍然是研究最少的。铁路蠕虫多毛裸甲虫是一种重要的生物模型和标志性物种，因为它具有双色生物发光特性，是陆地生物发光物种中唯一能产生真红光的生物。在这里，我们进行了部分基因组组装OFP。Hirtus，结合了Illumina测序产生的短和长的读数，提供了基因组信息的第一来源，并为Elateroidae的生物发光系统的比较分析提供了一个框架。这是Elateroidae超家族中描述的最大基因组，估计大小为∼3.4G GB，显示32%的GC含量，67%的转座元件。比较基因组学分析表明，生长和形态发生基因产物的基因和基因家族扩展事件为正选择，这可能与足畸形雌性和不发达雄性的非典型解剖发育和形态发生有关。我们还观察到差异休眠结合受体和逆转录转座元件之间基因家族的扩大，这可能与这些甲虫典型的信息素通讯系统有关。发现了共同调控生物发光产生和调控的基因，包括与侧灯绿色发光和头灯红色发光荧光素酶相对应的两个荧光素酶基因，具有7个外显子和6个内含子，以及可能参与荧光素生物合成的基因，表明Elateroidae中是否存在与生物发光相关的基因家族没有明显的差异。
Among bioluminescent beetles of the Elateroidea superfamily, Phengodidae is the third largest family, with 244 bioluminescent species distributed only in the Americas, but is still the least studied from the phylogenetic and evolutionary points of view. The railroad wormPhrixothrix hirtusis an essential biological model and symbolic species due to its bicolor bioluminescence, being the only organism that produces true red light among bioluminescent terrestrial species. Here, we performed partial genome assembly ofP. hirtus,combining short and long reads generated with Illumina sequencing, providing the first source of genomic information and a framework for comparative analyses of the bioluminescent system in Elateroidea. This is the largest genome described in the Elateroidea superfamily, with an estimated size of ∼3.4 Gb, displaying 32 % GC content, and 67 % transposable elements. Comparative genomic analyses showed a positive selection of genes and gene family expansion events of growth and morphogenesis gene products, which could be associated with the atypical anatomical development and morphogenesis found in paedomorphic females and underdeveloped males. We also observed gene family expansion among distinctodorant-binding receptors, which could be associated with the pheromone communication system typical of these beetles, andretrotransposable elements. Common genes putatively regulating bioluminescence production and control, including two luciferase genes corresponding to lateral lanterns green-emitting and head lanterns red-emitting luciferases with 7 exons and 6 introns, and genes potentially involved in luciferin biosynthesis were found, indicating that there are no clear differences about the presence or absence of gene families associated with bioluminescence in Elateroidea.