Evidence of a salt refuge: chytrid infection loads are suppressed in hosts exposed to salt
Evidence of a salt refuge: chytrid infection loads are suppressed in hosts exposed to salt
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盐避难所的证据：暴露于盐的宿主中壶菌感染量受到抑制
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-014-3157-6
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Mahony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Stockwell;J. Clulow;M. Mahony
随着新出现的传染病发病率的上升，确定保护宿主免受病原体侵袭从而防止人口下降的避难所变得越来越重要。对于菊科真菌巴氏杆菌，存在两栖动物宿主的温度和湿度避难区，但很难操纵。其他可能影响感染结果的环境特征包括水质、干燥制度、大量的交替寄主以及与其他寄主的隔离。我们确定了具有这些特征的水体与居住在它们的自由生活宿主中的感染水平之间的关系。在确定了显著关系的地方，我们使用了一系列对照实验来测试因果关系。感染负荷与水生生境盐分浓度和水位波动程度呈负相关，与鱼类丰度呈正相关。然而，只有与盐的关系在实验上得到证实。生活在平均盐度高达3.5ppt的水体中的自由生活宿主比那些暴露在盐分较少的水体中的宿主具有更低的感染量。实验证实，与不暴露(0ppt)相比，暴露于氯化钠浓度>；2ppt；显著降低了宿主感染负荷。这些结果表明，两栖动物暴露在隐蔽生境中自然存在的盐浓度下，可能是一些敏感物种在树枝杆菌存在下持续存在的原因。通过控制水体的盐度，有可能为衰落的两栖动物创造避难所，从而使它们重新回到原来的栖息地。
With the incidence of emerging infectious diseases on the rise, it is becoming increasingly important to identify refuge areas that protect hosts from pathogens and therefore prevent population declines. For the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, temperature and humidity refuge areas for amphibian hosts exist but are difficult to manipulate. Other environmental features that may affect the outcome of infection include water quality, drying regimes, abundance of alternate hosts and isolation from other hosts. We identified relationships between water bodies with these features and infection levels in the free-living hosts inhabiting them. Where significant relationships were identified, we used a series of controlled experiments to test for causation. Infection loads were negatively correlated with the salt concentration of the aquatic habitat and the degree of water level fluctuation and positively correlated with fish abundance. However, only the relationship with salt was confirmed experimentally. Free-living hosts inhabiting water bodies with mean salinities of up to 3.5 ppt had lower infection loads than those exposed to less salt. The experiment confirmed that exposure to sodium chloride concentrations >2 ppt significantly reduced host infection loads compared to no exposure (0 ppt). These results suggest that the exposure of amphibians to salt concentrations found naturally in lentic habitats may be responsible for the persistence of some susceptible species in the presence of B. dendrobatidis. By manipulating the salinity of water bodies, it may be possible to create refuges for declining amphibians, thus allowing them to be reintroduced to their former ranges.
用于检测动物群体感染或疾病的采样。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
影响因子：
--
作者：
DiGiacomo,RF;Koepsell,TD
通讯作者：
Koepsell,TD