On Mapping the Interconnections in Today's Internet
On Mapping the Interconnections in Today's Internet
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DOI：
10.1109/tnet.2019.2940369
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Willinger, Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Motamedi, Reza;Yeganeh, Bahador;Willinger, Walter
互联网互连是网络之间交换流量的方式。这些互连通常建立在具有已知地理位置的设施中，并且由所谓的托管和互连服务提供商（例如，Equinix、CoreSite和EdgeConneX）。这些以前研究的托管设施和关键作用，他们在解决臭名昭著的困难的问题，获得一个全面的看法，在今天的互联网的互连的结构和演变是本文的重点。我们提出了mi（2），一个新的方法来映射互联网互连内部一个给定的托管设施。(1)我们从本地化的跟踪路由推断互连的存在，并使用一个专门定义的马尔可夫随机场图形模型的信念传播算法将它们地理定位到目标托管设施。我们通过将mi（2）最初应用于一小组美国托管设施来评估mi（2）。在这个过程中，我们将我们的结果与最近开发的相关技术，并讨论观察到的差异，从不同的技术如何确定边界路由器的所有权。作为验证方法的一部分，我们还确定了当今互联网互连生态系统的巨大变化（例如，本文介绍了以“云交换”形式出现的新基础设施，这些基础设施提供了称为“虚拟专用互连”的新型互连，并讨论了它们对获得准确和全面的互联网互连结构图的广泛影响。
Internet interconnections are the means by which networks exchange traffic between one another. These interconnections are typically established in facilities that have known geographic locations, and are owned and operated by so-called colocation and interconnection services providers (e.g., Equinix, CoreSite, and EdgeConneX). These previously under-studied colocation facilities and the critical role they play in solving the notoriously difficult problem of obtaining a comprehensive view of the structure and evolution of the interconnections in today's Internet are the focus of this paper. We present mi(2), a new approach for mapping Internet interconnections inside a given colocation facility.(1) We infer the existence of interconnections from localized traceroutes and use the Belief Propagation algorithm on a specially defined Markov Random Field graphical model to geolocate them to a target colocation facility. We evaluate mi(2) by applying it initially to a small set of US-based colocation facilities. In the process, we compare our results against those obtained by two recently developed related techniques and discuss observed discrepancies that derive from how the different techniques determine the ownership of border routers. As part of our validation approach, we also identify drastic changes in today's Internet interconnection ecosystem (e.g., new infrastructures in the form of "cloud exchanges" that offer new types of interconnections called "virtual private interconnections"), and discuss their wide-ranging implications for obtaining an accurate and comprehensive map of the Internet's interconnection fabric.