Molecular phylogeography of domesticated barley traces expansion of agriculture in the Old World
Molecular phylogeography of domesticated barley traces expansion of agriculture in the Old World
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.107.079491
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Purugganan, Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saisho, Daisuke;Purugganan, Michael D.
大麦(Hordeum vergare SSP.)是欧亚农业的奠基性作物之一，距今已有10500年历史。对>；250驯化大麦材料的五个核基因座的系统地理分析和两个性状的形态分析表明，南亚和东亚的地方品种在遗传上与欧洲和北非的地方品种不同。贝叶斯群体结构评估方法表明，大麦资源被细分为6个类群，来自欧亚和北非10个不同地理区域的大麦地方品种在这些类群上表现出不同的分布模式。根据单倍型频率数据，欧洲/北非地方品种似乎与近东群体(F-ST=0.15)以及野生大麦(F-ST=0.11)最相似，并与所有其他亚洲群体(F-ST=0.34-0.74)有很强的区别。使用这些F-ST估计进行的邻接分析也支持将欧洲、北非和近东大麦类型与更东端的亚洲大麦品种区分开来。在东部和西部大麦材料之间，也存在存在裸颖果和小穗行数的差异。这些数据支持大麦在两次驯化事件中的不同迁移，这两次驯化事件导致了大麦的起源--一次在肥沃的新月形地区，另一次在更东的地方，可能在伊朗高原的东部边缘--欧洲和北非大麦主要起源于前者，大部分亚洲大麦起源于后者。这表明，文化传播或自主创新是新石器时代革命期间农业向南亚和东亚地区扩张的原因。
Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) was first cultivated 10,500 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and is one of the founder crops of Eurasian agriculture. Phylogeographic analysis of five nuclear loci and morphological assessment of two traits in >250 domesticated barley accessions reveal that landraces found in South and East Asia are genetically distinct from those in Europe and North Africa. A Bayesian population structure assessment method indicates that barley accessions are subdivided into six clusters and that barley landraces from 10 different geographical regions of Eurasia and North Africa show distinct patterns of distribution across these clusters. Using haplotype frequency data, it appears that the Europe/North Africa landraces are most similar to the Near East population (F-ST = 0.15) as well as to wild barley (F-ST = 0.11) and are strongly differentiated from all other Asian populations (F-ST = 0.34-0.74). A neighbor-joining analysis using these F-ST estimates also supports a division between European, North African, and Near East barley types from more easterly Asian accessions. There is also differentiation in the presence of a naked caryopsis and spikelet row number between eastern and western barley accessions. The data support the differential migration of barley from two domestication events that led to the origin of barley - one in the Fertile Crescent and another farther east, possibly at the eastern edge of the Iranian Plateau - with European and North African barley largely originating from the former and much of Asian barley arising from the latter. This suggests that cultural diffusion or independent innovation is responsible for the expansion of agriculture to areas of South and East Asia during the Neolithic revolution.