Omnivory in birds is a macroevolutionary sink.
Omnivory in birds is a macroevolutionary sink.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms11250
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发表时间：
2016-04-07
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Quental TB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burin G;Kissling WD;Guimarães PR Jr;Şekercioğlu ÇH;Quental TB
饮食通常被认为会影响物种的进化，但很少有研究直接在宏观进化尺度上测试它的影响。在这里，我们使用依赖于性状的多样化的贝叶斯模型和全球所有鸟类的综合饮食数据库来评估鸟类饮食行会(肉食性、果食性、肉食性、食草性、食虫性、蜜食性、杂食性和食鱼性)的物种形成和灭绝动力学。我们的结果表明，杂食性动物与更高的灭绝率和更低的物种形成率相关联，总体上净多样化是负的。依赖于特征的模型、饮食相似性和网络分析表明，转变为杂食性的比率比任何其他行会都要高。我们认为，杂食性动物扮演着宏观进化汇点的角色，其短暂的性质是通过从其他行会的过渡而不是从杂食性物种的形成来恢复的。我们认为，这些动态是饮食行会内部和之间竞争的结果，受到食物资源的深度可获得性和可预测性的影响。众所周知，饮食会影响物种形成，但关于这一过程如何在宏观进化规模上运作，人们知之甚少。使用全球鸟类饮食数据库，Burin等人。表明与其他行会相比，杂食性动物与更高的灭绝和更低的物种形成率有关。
Diet is commonly assumed to affect the evolution of species, but few studies have directly tested its effect at macroevolutionary scales. Here we use Bayesian models of trait-dependent diversification and a comprehensive dietary database of all birds worldwide to assess speciation and extinction dynamics of avian dietary guilds (carnivores, frugivores, granivores, herbivores, insectivores, nectarivores, omnivores and piscivores). Our results suggest that omnivory is associated with higher extinction rates and lower speciation rates than other guilds, and that overall net diversification is negative. Trait-dependent models, dietary similarity and network analyses show that transitions into omnivory occur at higher rates than into any other guild. We suggest that omnivory acts as macroevolutionary sink, where its ephemeral nature is retrieved through transitions from other guilds rather than from omnivore speciation. We propose that these dynamics result from competition within and among dietary guilds, influenced by the deep-time availability and predictability of food resources. Diet is known to influence speciation, but much less is known about how this process operates at macroevolutionary scales. Using a global dietary database of birds, Burin et al. show that omnivory is associated with higher extinction and lower speciation rates compared to other guilds.