Aggregation and clay dispersion of an oxisol treated with swine and poultry manures
Aggregation and clay dispersion of an oxisol treated with swine and poultry manures
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2014.09.022
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发表时间：
2015-03
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
G. M. Barbosa;J. F. Oliveira;M. Miyazawa;Danilo Bernardino Ruiz;J. T. Filho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. M. Barbosa;J. F. Oliveira;M. Miyazawa;Danilo Bernardino Ruiz;J. T. Filho
使用动物粪便施肥可以改善土壤结构。然而，这种做法的积极和消极影响尚不确定，施用有机肥可以改变土壤的表面电位，从而增加土壤的分散粘粒含量、解聚体和对侵蚀和地表水污染的敏感性。本研究的目的是评价使用不同剂量的猪和家禽粪便，随着时间的推移，可水分散性粘土和恶沙土的聚集情况。试验在粘质发育不良的砖红砖红壤上进行，处理包括表施33和66m3ha−-1猪粪和1920和3840 kg ha−-1禽粪用于玉米生产。不使用化肥(无机肥或有机肥)的处理作为参考。在施有机肥后0、15、30和60d采集0.0 0~0.10m土样，测定土壤团聚体类型、加权平均直径(WMD)、团聚体稳定性指数、分散粘粒含量、pH H2O和pH KCl。同时测定了Δ的pH值。与施用家禽粪便相比，施用猪粪导致土壤中可分散粘粒含量和聚集过程的快速动态变化。施用33或66m 3 ha−1猪粪的效果可分为三个阶段：(I)在施肥后第0天立即增加pH H2O，导致可分散粘粒含量和团聚体质量增加(0.250 mm)；(Ii)在15至30 dA期间，pH H2O下降以及土壤的絮凝和重组；(Iii)在30 d至60 dA期间，团聚体质量进一步增加0.250 mm。与猪粪相比，施用家禽粪便表现出有机碳的胶结效应，1920 kg ha−1或3840 kg ha−1禽粪施入土壤后发生粘粒絮凝和土壤团聚，从而在15d时增加了土壤水分密度。然而，聚集效应是短暂的，在30天和60天，WMD和集合体>；2.00 mm的减少与所施家禽粪便的剂量无关。
Fertilisation using animal manure can improve soil structure. However, the positive and negative effects of this practice remain inconclusive, and manure application can change the superficial electric potential, thereby increasing the dispersible clay content, disaggregation and susceptibility of soil to erosion and contamination of surface water. The objective of this study was to evaluate a water-dispersible clay and the aggregation of an oxisol over time with the application of different doses of swine and poultry manure. The experiment was conducted in a very clayey dystroferric red latosol, and the treatments consisted of the superficial application of 33 and 66 m 3 ha− 1 swine manure and 1920 and 3840 kg ha− 1 poultry manure for corn production. A treatment without fertiliser (mineral or organic) was used as a reference. Soil samples from 0.00 to 0.10 m layer were collected at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days after manure application to determine the soil aggregate classes, weighted mean diameter (WMD), aggregate stability index, dispersible clay content, pH H 2 O and pH KCl. The ΔpH was also determined. The application of swine manure led to rapid and dynamic changes in the dispersible clay content as well as the aggregation process compared to the application of poultry manure. The effects of the application of 33 or 66 m 3 ha− 1 swine manure can be divided into three phases:(i) immediate increases in the pH H 2 O resulting in an increase in dispersible clay content and the mass of aggregates< 0.250 mm immediately after the application of the manure at 0 days after application (DAA);(ii) a decrease in the pH H 2 O as well as flocculation and restructuring of the soil between 15 and 30 DAA; and (iii) a further increase in the mass of aggregates< 0.250 mm between 30 and 60 DAA. In contrast to the swine manure applications, a cementation effect of organic carbon was observed in the poultry manure applications, and clay flocculation and soil aggregation occurred after the application of 1920 kg ha− 1 or 3840 kg ha− 1 poultry manure, thereby increasing the WMD at 15 DAA. However, the aggregation effect was ephemeral, and at 30 and 60 DAA, decreases in the WMD and aggregates> 2.00 mm were observed independent of the doses of applied poultry manure.