Endocannabinoids and reproduction.
Endocannabinoids and reproduction.
复制标题
内源性大麻素和生殖。
DOI：
10.1155/2014/378069
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wang,Haibin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meccariello,Rosaria;Battista,Natalia;Bradshaw,HeatherB;Wang,Haibin
不孕不育是一个世界性的生殖健康问题，其后果对健康、人口变化和福祉产生深刻的心理和社会影响。因此，对基本的、保守的生殖调节剂的了解可能有助于发现新的潜在靶标，用于开发治疗人类不育症的药物。除了众所周知的内源性大麻素在控制疼痛和内脏功能方面的作用之外，在过去的十年中，内源性大麻素系统在男性和女性生殖功能的控制中也出现了深入的参与。事实上，内源性大麻素（与大麻素受体结合的内源性脂质）在中枢和局部水平上调节生殖轴。内源性大麻素信号传导对于促性腺激素释放和性类固醇生物合成、功能性雄性和雌性配子的形成、受精、植入前胚胎发育、植入和植入后胚胎生长以及分娩至关重要。内源性大麻素还通过调节压力、食物摄入、食欲和性行为参与生殖功能的神经内分泌控制。最近，在精子“启动”和配子质量中出现了新的作用，并且在人类不育的临床病例中报道了生理内源性大麻素音调和信号传导的损害。我们希望本期特刊可能是重要且及时的，因为对生殖中内源性大麻素系统的深入了解可能会在临床应用中开辟新的视角，指出内源性大麻素信号传导作为纠正不孕症和改善人类生殖健康的新靶点。提交到《国际内分泌学杂志》本期特刊的论文考虑了生殖的多方面。生殖中内源性大麻素活性的基本和进化保守机制也被包括在内。 E.科顿等人。提交了一份关于内源性大麻素在非哺乳动物脊椎动物（特别是鱼类和两栖动物）生殖中央调节中的作用的广泛综述；他们将大麻素受体的形态功能分布与参与生殖功能控制的关键分子相关联，例如促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、多巴胺、芳香酶和垂体促性腺激素。 R. Chianese 等人的论文强调了内源性大麻素系统作为一种古老的信号系统的作用，该系统已经进化了 5 亿多年。该报告报告了非哺乳动物模型（无尾两栖动物 Rana esculenta）中存在内源性大麻素，以及这些生物活性脂质和 GnRH 系统之间的功能串扰，揭示了它们在大脑和睾丸中的不同调节。特别是，香草酸受体在睾丸 GnRH 系统（配体和受体）的调节中出现了新的作用，提供了证据表明通过 1 型大麻素受体和香草酸受体信号传导发生了相反的调节。 G. Cacciola 等人的论文。是一篇非常有趣且全面的综述，内容涉及 1 型大麻素受体在精子发生中发挥的关键作用，以及它参与可能对精子质量产生负面影响的染色质重塑过程。正在出现的证据
Infertility is a worldwide reproductive health problem whose consequences have deep psychological and social impact in health, demographic change, and wellbeing. Thus, the knowledge of basic, conserved modulators of reproduction might contribute to the discovery of new potential target for the exploitation of drugs to treat infertility in humans. Besides the well known effects of endocannabinoids in the control of pain and visceral functions, in the last decade the deep involvement of endocannabinoid system in the control of reproductive functions in both males and females emerged. In fact, endocannabinoids, endogenous lipids that bind to cannabinoid receptors, modulate reproductive axis at both central and local level. Endocannabinoid signalling is critical for gonadotropin release and sex steroid biosynthesis, for the formation of functional male and female gametes, for fertilization, preimplantation embryo development, implantation, and postimplantation embryonic growth, and for labouring delivery as well. Endocannabinoids are also involved in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction functions through the modulation of stress, food intake, appetite, and sexual behaviour. Recently, new roles in sperm “startup” and gamete quality emerged and impairment of the physiological endocannabinoid tone and signalling has been reported in clinical cases of human infertility. Our hope is that this special issue may be important and timely since a deep knowledge of endocannabinoid system in reproduction might open new perspectives in clinical applications, pointing to endocannabinoid signalling as a novel target for correcting infertility, and for improving reproductive health in humans.The papers submitted to this special issue in the International Journal of Endocrinology take into account the multifaceted aspects of reproduction. Basic and evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of endocannabinoid activity in reproduction have also been included. E. Cottone et al. submitted an extensive review on the role of the endocannabinoids in the central regulation of reproduction in nonmammalian vertebrates, especially fish and amphibian; they correlate the morphofunctional distribution of cannabinoid receptors to key molecules involved in the control of reproductive functions, such as Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), dopamine, aromatase, and pituitary gonadotropins. The role of the endocannabinoid system as an ancient signalling system, that has been evolved over 500 million years, is highlighted in the paper of R. Chianese et al. that reports the presence of endocannabinoids in a nonmammalian model, the anuran amphibian Rana esculenta, and the functional crosstalk between these bioactive lipids and the GnRH system, shedding light on their different regulation in the brain and in the testis. In particular, a new role for vanilloid receptor emerged in the modulation of testicular GnRH system (both ligands and receptors) providing evidence that an opposite regulation occursviatype-1 cannabinoid receptor and vanilloid receptor signalling. The paper of G. Cacciola et al. is a very interesting and comprehensive review on the pivotal role played by type-1 cannabinoid receptor in spermiogenesis and on its involvement in the chromatin remodelling process that might affect negatively the sperm quality. The emerging evidences on