Which Catharsis Do They Mean? Aristotle, Moreno, Boal and Organization Theatre
Which Catharsis Do They Mean? Aristotle, Moreno, Boal and Organization Theatre
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它们指的是哪种宣泄？
DOI：
10.1177/0170840604042415
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Stefan Meisiek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stefan Meisiek
戏剧表演的一个经常被提及的效果是宣泄。在这篇文章中，三个宣泄相关的概念被用来帮助解释组织戏剧的效果。首先，根据亚里士多德的说法，戏剧可以释放负面情绪，由此引发情绪被视为净化相关不良记忆的一种手段。戏剧应该通过在舞台上呈现这些问题来唤起与公认问题有关的情感，从而让观众被动地重温这些问题，并且由于它们作为戏剧的非真实呈现，也解决了这些问题。第二个概念，莫雷诺的创造力产生宣泄的想法，是在积极参与心理剧和演员培训方面发展起来的。通过汲取负面经验并在舞台上积极重温它们，参与者可以开发找到新解决方案所需的创造力。第三，Boal假设，当观众在开场表演后通过提出解决方案积极参与戏剧时，这是对真实的生活中遇到的问题的测试。因此，剧中的测试为观众提供了克服此类问题所必需的行动动力。这三种方法宣泄进行了讨论，然后与组织剧院的说明性例子，提供这种性能的公司。
An often-suggested effect of dramatic performances is catharsis. In this essay, three catharsis-related concepts are used to help explain the effects of organization theatre. First, according to Aristotle, theatre leads to release from negative affect, whereby the eliciting of emotions is seen as a means of purifying related bad memories. Theatre is supposed to arouse feelings connected with recognized problems by presenting these on the stage, thus allowing the audience to relive them passively and, because of their non-real presentation as drama, also to resolve them. The second concept, Moreno’s idea of a creativity-generating catharsis, was developed in connection with active participation in psychodrama and with actors’ training. By drawing on negative experiences and actively reliving them on stage, participants can develop the creativity needed to find new solutions. Third, Boal assumes that when an audience actively engages in the play by proposing solutions after an introductory scene has been performed, this serves as a test run for the problems that are encountered in real life. Thus, the test in the play provides the audience with the necessary action motivation to overcome such problems. These three approaches to catharsis are discussed and are then related to organization theatre in illustrative examples of companies that provide such performances.