Hybridization between closely related songbirds is related to human habitat disturbance
Hybridization between closely related songbirds is related to human habitat disturbance
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近缘鸣禽之间的杂交与人类栖息地干扰有关
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.16476
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发表时间：
2022-10-28
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Taylor，Scott A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grabenstein，Kathryn C.;Otter，Ken A.;Taylor，Scott A.
人类栖息地的干扰可以促进密切相关但通常是生殖隔离的物种之间的杂交。我们使用基因组和公民科学数据集来探索人类栖息地的干扰是否与两种密切相关的鸣禽--黑帽山雀和山雀--之间的杂交有关。首先，我们使用简化的基因组测序方法对两个物种范围内的409个个体进行了基因分型，并将遗传混合的衡量标准与人类景观干扰的综合衡量标准进行了比较。然后，使用eBird观察，我们将观察到表型诊断为杂交的地点的人类景观干扰值与观察到其中一个亲本物种的地点进行了比较，以确定在更受干扰的地区是否报告了杂交山雀。我们发现，黑冠山雀和山地山雀的杂交与人类栖息地的干扰呈正相关。从基因组数据中我们发现：(1)杂交种指数(HI)随着生境干扰的增加而显著增加，(2)在干扰生境中获得的杂种更多，(3)在干扰生境中的His平均值高于野生生境，(4)在干扰值显著高于亲本的生境中检测到杂交后代。使用eBird的数据，我们发现杂交山雀和黑帽山雀都比山雀更容易受到干扰。令人惊讶的是，我们发现，我们采样的几乎每一只黑帽山雀都含有一定比例的杂交祖先，而我们检测到的山地山雀回交很少。我们的结果表明，黑帽山雀和山雀之间的杂交很普遍，但最初的杂交很少(很少检测到F1)。我们的结论是，人类栖息地的干扰可以侵蚀山雀之间合子前的生殖屏障，合子后的隔离是不完整的。了解在大规模栖息地干扰后最近杂交的物种会发生什么，这是在快速变化的世界中成功保护遗传生物多样性的一个新的、但紧迫的考虑。
Human habitat disturbances can promote hybridization between closely related, but typically reproductively isolated, species. We explored whether human habitat disturbances are related to hybridization between two closely related songbirds, black‐capped and mountain chickadees, using both genomic and citizen science data sets. First, we genotyped 409 individuals from across both species' ranges using reduced‐representation genome sequencing and compared measures of genetic admixture to a composite measure of human landscape disturbance. Then, using eBird observations, we compared human landscape disturbance values for sites where phenotypically diagnosed hybrids were observed to locations where either parental species was observed to determine whether hybrid chickadees are reported in more disturbed areas. We found that hybridization between black‐capped and mountain chickadees positively correlates with human habitat disturbances. From genomic data, we found that (1) hybrid index (HI) significantly increased with habitat disturbance, (2) more hybrids were sampled in disturbed habitats, (3) mean HIs were higher in disturbed habitats versus wild habitats, and (4) hybrids were detected in habitats with significantly higher disturbance values than parentals. Using eBird data, we found that both hybrid and black‐capped chickadees were significantly more disturbance‐associated than mountain chickadees. Surprisingly, we found that nearly every black‐capped chickadee we sampled contained some proportion of hybrid ancestry, while we detected very few mountain chickadee backcrosses. Our results highlight that hybridization between black‐capped and mountain chickadees is widespread, but initial hybridization is rare (few F1s were detected). We conclude that human habitat disturbances can erode pre‐zygotic reproductive barriers between chickadees and that post‐zygotic isolation is incomplete. Understanding what becomes of recently hybridizing species following large‐scale habitat disturbances is a new, but pressing, consideration for successfully preserving genetic biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.