CHRONIC AND CATASTROPHIC NATURAL MORTALITY OF 3 COMMON CARIBBEAN REEF CORALS
CHRONIC AND CATASTROPHIC NATURAL MORTALITY OF 3 COMMON CARIBBEAN REEF CORALS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00334474
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
BYTHELL, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BYTHELL, JC;GLADFELTER, EH;BYTHELL, M
与风暴、疾病流行和漂白事件造成的灾难性影响相比，人们对珊瑚礁更常见的慢性死亡的影响知之甚少。为了监测这种持续的死亡率，每月对组织损伤原因进行目视评估，并与三种常见珊瑚礁的标记菌落的死亡率（平面表面积的变化）相关：Montastrea annularis，Porites astreoides和Diploria strigosa，位于美属维尔京群岛圣克鲁瓦的巴克岛珊瑚礁国家纪念碑。在研究期间，飓风雨果是至少60年来影响该地区的最强大的气旋，对该地区产生了直接影响。飓风的影响非常局部化，某些暴露的地点几乎完全被夷为平地，而其他地方的群落结构没有明显变化。在为期26个月的研究中，飓风和其他因素造成的死亡率在物种之间以及岛上不同地点之间存在差异。易感性的差异并不仅仅取决于总的形态，因为两个强大的，大规模的物种表现出相反的反应，飓风的破坏和慢性死亡率。糙皮外交官几乎没有受到慢性因素的影响，但在飓风期间暴露的地点受到严重破坏。相比之下，Montastrea annularis的捕食和组织坏死造成的死亡率很高，但它基本上没有受到飓风的破坏，因为它没有出现在最严重的冲刷地点。滨珊瑚astreoides，人口占主导地位的小得多的殖民地，受到慢性和飓风相关的死亡率。物种之间对各种自然干扰的敏感性不同，加上这种干扰的影响在空间和时间上的高度变化，可能对维持珊瑚礁上的物种多样性至关重要。
Compared to catastrophic impacts from storms, disease epidemics and bleaching events, little is known about the effects of more routine chronic mortality in reef corals. To monitor this ongoing mortality, monthly visual assessments of the cause of tissue damage were related to mortality rates (changes in planar surface area) of tagged colonies of three common reef corals: Montastrea annularis, Porites astreoides and Diploria strigosa at Buck island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. During the study Hurricane Hugo, the most powerful cyclone to affect the area in at least 60 y, made a direct impact on the site. Effects of the hurricane were extremely localized, with certain exposed sites being almost completely razed while others showed no detectable changes in community structure. Mortality caused both by the hurricane and by other factors during the 26 month study varied between species and also between site locations around the island. Differences in susceptibility were not dependent solely on gross morphology, because two robust, massive species showed opposite responses to hurricane damage and chronic mortality. Diploria strigosa was virtually unaffected by chronic factors, but was heavily damaged at exposed sites during the hurricane. In contrast, mortality from predation and tissue necrosis was high in Montastrea annularis, but it largely escaped damage from the hurricane because it was absent from the most severely scoured locations. Porites astreoides, with populations dominated by much smaller colonies, was affected by both chronic and hurricane-related mortality. Differences in susceptibility to the various types of natural disturbance among species, coupled with high spatial and temporal variability in the effects of such disturbances, may be critical to the maintenance of species diversity on the reef.