International rankings and the contest for university hegemony
International rankings and the contest for university hegemony
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国际排名与大学霸权之争
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marion Lloyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Ordorika;Marion Lloyd
在短短十年内，国际大学排名已成为全球政策制定者衡量机构绩效的主要指标。在科学中立的外表支持下，这些分类系统在全球范围内强化了高等教育的霸权模式--精英、盎格鲁-撒克逊研究型大学。这一过程是布迪厄和瓦康所说的美国“文化帝国主义”的表现。然而，排名模式正面临越来越多的批评和抵制，特别是在拉丁美洲等地区，这些系统被视为迫使机构进入昂贵和高风险的“学术军备竞赛”，而牺牲了更紧迫的发展优先事项。最近在布宜诺斯艾利斯、巴黎和墨西哥城举行的联合国教科文组织会议上表达的这一立场表明，排名已在很大程度上成为通过高等教育这面棱镜进行的文化霸权争夺战的一个基本要素。
In just a decade, the international university rankings have become dominant measures of institutional performance for policy-makers worldwide. Bolstered by the façade of scientific neutrality, these classification systems have reinforced the hegemonic model of higher education – that of the elite, Anglo-Saxon research university – on a global scale. The process is a manifestation of what Bourdieu and Wacquant have termed US “cultural imperialism.” However, the rankings paradigm is facing growing criticism and resistance, particularly in regions such as Latin America, where the systems are seen as forcing institutions into a costly and high-stakes “academic arms race” at the expense of more pressing development priorities. That position, expressed at the recent UNESCO conferences in Buenos Aires, Paris, and Mexico City, shows the degree to which the rankings have become a fundamental element in the contest for cultural hegemony, waged through the prism of higher education.