Rebound Effects of Thought Suppression: Instruction-Dependent?
Rebound Effects of Thought Suppression: Instruction-Dependent?
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思想抑制的反弹效应：依赖于指令？
DOI：
10.1017/s0141347300013264
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
P. Jong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Merckelbach;P. Muris;M. Hout;P. Jong
先前的研究表明，当正常受试者被指示去想一只白熊（“强迫”表达指令）时，当他们之前压抑过白熊的想法时，他们比没有压抑过白熊的想法时更频繁地这样做。有人提出，这种思想抑制的反弹效应为现实生活中强迫症的发展提供了一个实验室模型。目前的研究是为了进一步探讨这一模式的可行性。当使用更“自由”的表达指令（“你可能会想到一只白熊，但你不必”）时，反弹效应被评估。在实验1中，没有证据表明在随后的表达期间（在“自由”指示下），抑制会导致白熊思想的频率增加和/或速度加快。有趣的是，最初的抑制会导致与思维相关的皮肤电波动立即而稳定地增加。在实验2中，我们发现成功的抑制者（在抑制过程中目标思想较少）在表达时（在“自由”指令下）比不成功的抑制者（在抑制过程中目标思想较多）报告的白熊思想较少。假设“自由”表达指令的生态有效性大于“强制”表达指令的生态有效性，本研究结果对“反弹效应模仿强迫症病因学”的说法提出了质疑。研究结果还表明，这可能是与强迫理论相关的压抑的直接反作用。
Previous studies have shown that when normal subjects are instructed to think of a white bear (“forced” expression instructions), they do so more frequently when they have previously suppressed the thought of a white bear than when they have not suppressed this thought. It has been proposed that this rebound effect of thought suppression provides a laboratory model for the development of real-life obsessions. The present studies were undertaken in order to explore further the tenability of this model. Rebound effects were evaluated when more “liberal” expression instructions (“you might think of a white bear, but you don't have to”) were used. In Experiment 1, no evidence was obtained to suggest that suppression results in a heightened frequency and/or accelerated rate of white bear thoughts during a subsequent expression period (with “liberal” instructions). Interestingly, initial suppression lead to an immediate and stable increase of thought related electrodermal fluctuations. In Experiment 2, it was found that successful suppressors (few target thoughts during suppression) report fewer white bear thoughts during expression (with “liberal” instructions) than unsuccessful suppressors (many target thoughts during suppression). Assuming that the ecological validity of “liberal” expression instructions is greater than that of “forced” instructions, the present findings cast doubt on the claim that the rebound effect mimics the etiology of obsessions. The findings also suggest that it may be the immediate counter-productive effects of suppression that are relevant to theories concerned with obsessions.