An ULV PWM CMOS Imager With Adaptive-Multiple-Sampling Linear Response, HDR Imaging, and Energy Harvesting
An ULV PWM CMOS Imager With Adaptive-Multiple-Sampling Linear Response, HDR Imaging, and Energy Harvesting
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具有自适应多重采样线性响应、HDR 成像和能量收集功能的 ULV PWM CMOS 成像仪
DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2018.2870559
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
C. Hsieh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. C. Chiou;C. Hsieh
本文提出了一种超低电压(ULV) <inline-formula> < text -math符号="LaTeX">$300\ × 200$ </ text -math></inline-formula>像素脉宽调制（PWM） CMOS成像仪，用于物联网（IoT）和人工智能（AI）应用，采用CMOS 0.18-<inline-formula> < text -math符号="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </ text -math></inline-formula>标准工艺技术制作。在常亮监控操作中，成像仪分别提供高动态范围（HDR）和能量收集（EH）模式，用于事件检测和能量收集。在低功耗图像捕获操作中，成像仪提供线性响应（LR）模式，用于对象识别和记录。在LR模式下，提出的具有阈值变化抵消（TVC）的ULV PWM像素实现了+0.36/−0.29%的非线性和0.159%的固定模式噪声（FPN）。采用所提出的逐像素自适应多次采样（AMS）方案和相应的<inline-formula> < text -math符号="LaTeX">$n$ </ text -math></inline-formula>时间多次采样，采用双斜率斜坡（DSR）参考，在4次AMS操作下，由4 v驱动的PWM像素实现了9.42e<sup>−</sup>的总噪声。在LR模式下实现的峰值信噪比（PSNR）和动态范围（DR）分别为60.1 dB和141 dB，在EH模式下，60 klx时收获的功率为15.5 <inline-formula> < text -math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </ text -math></inline-formula>。
This paper presents an ultra-low-voltage (ULV) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$300\times 200$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixel pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) CMOS imager with monitoring and capturing for Internet-of-Things (IoT) and artificial intelligent (AI) applications, fabricated in the CMOS 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> standard process technology. In always-ON monitoring operation, the imager provides high dynamic range (HDR) and energy harvesting (EH) modes for event detection and energy collection, respectively. In low-power image capturing operation, the imager provides a linear-response (LR) mode for object identification and recording. In the LR mode, the proposed ULV PWM pixel with threshold variation cancellation (TVC) achieves a non-linearity of +0.36/−0.29% and a fixed-pattern noise (FPN) of 0.159%. With the proposed pixel-wise adaptive-multiple-sampling (AMS) scheme and the corresponding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-time multiple sampling using dual-slope ramping (DSR) reference, the 0.4-V-operated PWM pixel achieves a total noise of 9.42e<sup>−</sup> at 4-time AMS operation. The achieved peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and dynamic range (DR) are 60.1 dB in the LR mode and 141 dB in the HDR mode, respectively, and the harvested power is 15.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 60 klx in the EH mode.