Microchemical identification of enantiomers in early-branching animals: Lineage-specific diversification in the usage of D-glutamate and D-aspartate
Microchemical identification of enantiomers in early-branching animals: Lineage-specific diversification in the usage of D-glutamate and D-aspartate
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.135
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发表时间：
2020-07-05
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Kohn, Andrea B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moroz, Leonid L.;Sohn, Dosung;Kohn, Andrea B.
D-氨基酸是神经、激素和免疫系统中独特且必需的信号分子。然而，D-氨基酸的存在和它们在早期动物中的招募大多是未知的，由于有限的信息prebilaterian后生动物。在这里，我们进行了比较调查的L-/D-天冬氨酸和L-/D-谷氨酸在早期分支后生动物的四门的代表：刺胞动物（Aglantha）;板形动物（Trichoplax），海绵（Sycon）和栉水母（Pleurobrachia，Mnemiopsis，Bolinopsis，和Beroe），这是祖先的动物血统的后代不同的Bilateria。具体而言，我们使用高效毛细管电泳微量化学分析和定量的对映异构体。L-谷氨酸和L-天冬氨酸是丰富的分析物在所有物种的研究。然而，我们发现，扁形动物，刺胞动物，海绵有高微摩尔浓度的D-天冬氨酸，而D-谷氨酸在我们的检测是不可检测的。相反，我们发现，在栉水母，D谷氨酸是没有或微量的D-天冬氨酸的主要对映体。这种情况阐明了突出的谱系特异性多样化的招聘D-氨基酸，并表明这些分子在动物进化的早期不同的信号功能。我们还假设，这样的招聘事件的深祖先可能会提供一些约束的后生动物的神经和其他信号系统的进化。(C)2020爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
D-amino acids are unique and essential signaling molecules in neural, hormonal, and immune systems. However, the presence of D-amino acids and their recruitment in early animals is mostly unknown due to limited information about prebilaterian metazoans. Here, we performed the comparative survey of L-/D-aspartate and L-/D-glutamate in representatives of four phyla of early-branching Metazoa: cnidarians (Aglantha); placozoans (Trichoplax), sponges (Sycon) and ctenophores (Pleurobrachia, Mnemiopsis, Bolinopsis, and Beroe), which are descendants of ancestral animal lineages distinct from Bilateria. Specifically, we used high-performance capillary electrophoresis for microchemical assays and quantification of the enantiomers. L-glutamate and L-aspartate were abundant analytes in all species studied. However, we showed that the placozoans, cnidarians, and sponges had high micromolar concentrations of D-aspartate, whereas D-glutamate was not detectable in our assays. In contrast, we found that in ctenophores, Dglutamate was the dominant enantiomer with no or trace amounts of D-aspartate. This situation illuminates prominent lineage-specific diversifications in the recruitment of D-amino acids and suggests distinct signaling functions of these molecules early in the animal evolution. We also hypothesize that a deep ancestry of such recruitment events might provide some constraints underlying the evolution of neural and other signaling systems in Metazoa. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.