The Waqf as Suwwan Impact Crater, Jordan: Numerical Modeling of Crater Formation and Gravity Data
The Waqf as Suwwan Impact Crater, Jordan: Numerical Modeling of Crater Formation and Gravity Data
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约旦 Suwwan 陨石坑的 Waqf：陨石坑形成和重力数据的数值模拟
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
T. Kenkmann
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作者：
K. Wünnemann;H. Kuhn;P. Janle;T. Kenkmann
陨石坑的形成和重力数据。Wünnemann，H. Kühn，P. Janle，T. Kenkmann，Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institut an der Humboldt Universität zu柏林，D-10115柏林，德国，地球科学研究所，系德国基尔D-24118，基尔大学地球物理学研究所，弗赖堡大学，德国，（*kai. museum.huberlin.de）。导言：约旦的Waqf as Suwwan撞击坑是一个小型复杂的撞击坑结构，直径约6公里。该陨石坑最近才被确定为撞击结构[1，2]，但在1970年和1980年，约旦国家资源管理局（NRA）代表进行了地震和重力测量，以进行矿石和碳氢化合物勘探。从形态学上讲，该结构的特征在于：（图1a）一个明显的1公里宽的中央隆起，最大海拔高出平均地形水平40米，周围是一个相对平坦的陨石坑护城河，充满了未知的撞击后沉积物和干河谷沉积物，一个隆起的圆形结构高出周围地形约30米，被解释为陨石坑边缘的遗迹[3]。在最近的地质构造实地研究中，对火山口的形态进行了更详细的描述[4]。除了火山口暴露的表面外，最引人注目的观测是在中央隆起6.5 mGal上方有一个明显的布格重力正异常（图1b）。大多数大小相似的陨石坑结构都显示出负异常[5]，这通常被解释为陨石坑下方的脆性断裂和开放裂缝造成的质量不足。本研究旨在开发（1）与基于地震数据的形态学、形态测量学表面观测和结构地下变形一致的火山口形成的数值模型，以及（2）解释观测到的重力异常并与（1）结果一致的火山口下方质量分布模型。
CRATER FORMATION AND GRAVITY DATA K. Wünnemann, H. Kühn, P. Janle, T. Kenkmann, Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institut an der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany, Institute for Geosciences, Dept. of Geophysics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Freiburg, Germany, (*kai.wuennemann@museum.huberlin.de). Introduction: The Waqf as Suwwan impact crater in Jordan is a small complex crater structure, approximately 6 km in diameter. The crater was only recently identified as an impact structure [1,2] but has been investigated by seismic and gravity surveying in 1970 and 1980 on behalf of the National Resource Authority (NRA) of Jordan for ore and hydrocarbon exploration. Morphologically the structure is characterized by (Fig.1a) a well pronounced 1 km wide central uplift with a maximum elevation of 40 m above the average topographic level, surrounded by a relatively flat crater moat filled with yet unknown post-impact sediments and wadi deposits, and a hummocky circular structure standing approximately 30 m above the surrounding terrain which was interpreted as the remains of the crater rim [3]. In a recent geostructural field study the crater morphology is described in more detail [4]. Besides the well-exposed surface expression of the crater the most striking observation is a pronounced positive bouguer gravity anomaly above the central uplift of 6.5 mGal (Fig.1b). Most crater structures similar in size show a negative anomaly [5], which is usually interpreted by a mass deficiency, caused by brittle fracturing and open cracks underneath the crater. This study aims at developing (1) a numerical model of the crater formation consistent with the morphological, morphometric surface observations and structural subsurface deformations based on seismic data and (2) a model of mass distribution underneath the crater that explains the observed gravity anomaly and is consistent with the results from (1).