Inhalation Toxicity of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Rats Exposed for 3 Months
Inhalation Toxicity of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Rats Exposed for 3 Months
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfp146
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Landsiedel, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ma-Hock, Lan;Treumann, Silke;Landsiedel, Robert
碳纳米管（CNT）具有巨大的商业利益。理论上，在CNT的加工和处理过程中以及在含有CNT的复合材料上的磨损过程中，可吸入的CNT颗粒可能被释放。对于危害评估，我们根据经济合作与发展组织试验指南413，使用多壁CNT（MWCNT）材料（Nanocyl NC 7000）进行了90天吸入毒性研究。Wistar大鼠头鼻暴露6小时/天，5天/周，13周，共65次暴露，多壁碳纳米管浓度为0（对照），0.1，0.5或2.5 mg/m（3）。高度可吸入的粉尘气溶胶是用一种专有的刷子发生器产生的，它既不破坏管道结构，也不增加表面上的活性氧。多壁碳纳米管的吸入暴露没有产生全身毒性。然而，在0.5和2.5 mg/m3剂量下，在肺和肺相关淋巴结中观察到肺重量增加、明显的多灶性肉芽肿性炎症、弥漫性组织细胞和嗜酸性炎症以及肺泡内脂蛋白沉积症（3）。在2.5 mg/m（3）时，这些影响伴随着轻微的血液嗜中性粒细胞。影响的发生率和严重程度与浓度相关。在0.1 mg/m3时，肺和肺相关淋巴结中仍存在极轻微的肉芽肿性炎症;因此，本研究中未确定无明显作用浓度。如含尘量测量所示，供试品具有低粉尘形成潜力，但在处理和加工过程中必须采取严格的工业卫生措施。这些毒性和粉尘数据可用于比较不同的多壁碳纳米管材料，并为特定应用选择具有最低风险潜力的材料。
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are of great commercial interest. Theoretically, during processing and handling of CNT and in abrasion processes on composites containing CNT, inhalable CNT particles might be set free. For hazard assessment, we performed a 90-day inhalation toxicity study with a multiwall CNT (MWCNT) material (Nanocyl NC 7000) according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 413. Wistar rats were head-nose exposed for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 13 weeks, total 65 exposures, to MWCNT concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/m(3). Highly respirable dust aerosols were produced with a proprietary brush generator which neither damaged the tube structure nor increased reactive oxygen species on the surface. Inhalation exposure to MWCNT produced no systemic toxicity. However, increased lung weights, pronounced multifocal granulomatous inflammation, diffuse histiocytic and neutrophilic inflammation, and intra-alveolar lipoproteinosis were observed in lung and lung-associated lymph nodes at 0.5 and 2.5 mg/m(3). These effects were accompanied by slight blood neutrophilia at 2.5 mg/m(3). Incidence and severity of the effects were concentration related. At 0.1 mg/m(3), there was still minimal granulomatous inflammation in the lung and in lung-associated lymph nodes; a no observed effect concentration was therefore not established in this study. The test substance has low dust-forming potential, as demonstrated by dustiness measurements, but nonetheless strict industrial hygiene measures must be taken during handling and processing. Toxicity and dustiness data such as these can be used to compare different MWCNT materials and to select the material with the lowest risk potential for a given application.