Comparing memory skill maintenance across the life span: Preservation in adults, increase in children
Comparing memory skill maintenance across the life span: Preservation in adults, increase in children
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.227
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lindenberger, Ulman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brehmer, Yvonne;Li, Shu-Chen;Lindenberger, Ulman
作者通过对100名个体（10-11岁、12-13岁、21-26岁和66-79岁）进行评估，在多阶段强化记忆训练项目结束11个月后，研究了维持熟练情景记忆表现的寿命差异。李，V. Muller， T. von Oertzen, & U. Lindenberger, 2007)。技能维持在2个后续阶段进行测试，第一个阶段没有，第二个阶段有助记重新指导。随着时间的推移，年轻人和老年人的平均表现水平是稳定的。相比之下，年龄较小和较大的儿童的记忆表现都比最初达到的水平有所提高。从第一次到第二次随访，老年人的表现有所改善，可能得益于指令诱导的技能再激活。结果表明：(a)健康老年人的技能维持基本完好，(b)老年人需要环境支持来完全恢复他们以前的技能水平（cf. f.i.m. Craik, 1983），以及(c)儿童适应11个月前学习的技能以适应他们不断增长的认知能力。
The authors examined life-span differences in the maintenance of skilled episodic memory performance by assessing 100 individuals (10-11, 12-13, 21-26, and 66-79 years old) 11 months after termination of an intensive multisession mnemonic training program (Y. Brehmer, S.-C. Li, V. Muller, T. von Oertzen, & U. Lindenberger, 2007). Skill maintenance was tested in 2 follow-up sessions, the first without and the second with mnemonic reinstruction. Younger and older adults' average performance levels were stable across time. In contrast, both younger and older children's memory performance improved beyond originally attained levels. Older adults' performance improved from the first to the second follow-up session, presumably profiting from instruction-induced skill reactivation. Results suggest that (a) skill maintenance is largely intact in healthy older adults, (b) older adults need environmental support to fully reactivate their former skill levels (cf. F. I. M. Craik, 1983), and (c) children adapt a skill learned 11 months ago to their increasing cognitive capabilities.