Gluconeogenesis, its regulation in mammalian species
Gluconeogenesis, its regulation in mammalian species
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糖异生及其在哺乳动物物种中的调节
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Jungermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Modaressi;K. Brechtel;B. Christ;K. Jungermann
尽管目前从事代谢调节研究的生物化学家都采用了“糖异生”这一术语，但专门讨论该主题的书籍数量确实很少。在近年来出现的那些文章中，大多数都是专题讨论会的记录，从表面上看，这本书似乎是另一本同样风格的书，因为它是由编辑们讨论过的多作者文章集。然而，它与大多数研讨会卷的不同之处在于更广度和更深入地考虑所选主题。不幸的是，在允许贡献者“写任何看起来合适的东西”时，并不总是能够避免呈现不均匀、主题重叠和遗漏重要方面的危险。然而，值得赞扬的是，编辑们清楚地意识到了这个问题，并在本书开头的长篇序言中表现出了相当认真的态度，提供了统一的评论。尽管如此，遗漏仍然存在，最令人遗憾的是亨利·拉迪的贡献缺失，尽管这也许是可以理解的，因为本书是献给这位杰出的生物化学家的，他令人印象深刻的成就在本书的开头被简要记录。因此，缺乏对底物循环调节作用的详细描述（幸运的是，拉迪最近在其他地方对此进行了评论）。其他遗漏包括糖异生调节的更多生理方面，例如激素相互关系的作用（约翰·埃克斯顿因其缺席而引人注目）和对糖异生组织的底物通量的控制。 Ruderman 等人对人类糖异生的病理生理学方面的令人钦佩的评论在一定程度上弥补了这一点。和欧文等人。以及 Pogson 等人对肾脏糖异生功能的综述。书中的其他章节都具有类似的高标准，范围从对代谢物浓度及其与代谢率的关系的发人深省的考虑（在 Srere 和 Veech 的论文中）到使用分离的肝细胞来阐明糖异生和尿素生成之间相互关系的研究（Krebs 等人）。许多章节的一个一致且值得称赞的特点是对大鼠以外的哺乳动物物种的广泛讨论。事实上，索林和克莱内克详尽地回顾了不同动物物种中糖异生的调节，这可以说是本书的“亮点”。在单独的论文中，考虑了糖异生的所有关键酶（丙酮酸羧化酶、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶、果糖双磷酸酶和葡萄糖 6-磷酸酶），并强调了它们的细胞内区室划分的含义。约翰·威廉姆森 (John Williamson) 对线粒体1阴离子转运的调节作用进行了精彩的讨论，扩展了代谢区室化的这一方面，其中涵盖了代谢调节的更广泛方面。尽管有关于每种关键酶的所有信息，但仍然不可能查明哪种酶具有监管至上性作为限速步骤，并且考虑到书中对线粒体1易位的强调，海恩斯的贡献也许令人遗憾
Despite the adoption of the enfant trouuk-gluconeogenesis-by any biochemist currently professing to a study of metabolic regulation, the number of books devoted to the topic is small indeed. Of those that have appeared in recent years most have been the proceedings of symposia, and superficially this book may appear to be another in the same vein, since it is a multi-author collection of articles canvassed by the editors. However, it differs from most symposia volumes by considering the chosen topics in more breadth and depth. Unfortunately, in allowing the contributors ‘to write whatever seemed appropriate’ the dangers of unevenness in presentation, overlap in subject matter and omission of significant aspects are not always avoided. To the editors’ credit, however, they were clearly aware of the problem and have shown considerable conscientiousness in providing a unifying commentary at the beginning of the book in an extended preface. Nevertheless, the omissions remain, and the most regrettable is the absence of a contribution by Henry Lardy, although this is perhaps understandable since the volume is dedicated to this outstanding biochemist, whose impressive achievements are chronicled briefly at the beginning of the book. Thus a detailed account of the regulatory role of substrate cycling i s absent (fortunately Lardy has reviewed this recently elsewhere). Other omissions include the more physiological aspects of the regulation of gluconeogenesis, such as the role of hormonal interrelationships (John Exton was conspicuous by his absence as a contributor) and the control of substrate flux to gluconeogenic tissues. This was compensated for to some extent by the inclusion of admirable reviews of pathophysiological aspects of gluconeogenesis in the human by Ruderman et al. and Owen et al. and of a review of the gluconeogenic function of the kidney by Pogson et al. The other chapters in the book are uniformly of a similar high standard, and range from thought-provoking considerations of metabolite concentrations and their relation to metabolic rates (in papers by Srere and Veech) to studies using isolated hepatocytes to clarify interrelations between gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis (Krebs et al.). A consistent and praiseworthy feature of many chapters is the extensive discussion of mammalian species other than the rat; indeed, in what is arguably one of the ‘highlights’ of the book, Soling & Kleineke exhaustively review the regulation of gluconeogenesis in different animal species. In separate papers all the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose bisphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase) are considered and the implications of their intracellular compartmentation are emphasized. Extending this aspect of compartmentalization of metabolism is an excellent discussion of the regulatory role of mitochondria1 anion transport by John Williamson, which embraces the broader aspects of metabolic regulation. Despite all the information on each of the key enzymes it is nonetheless still impossible to pinpoint which holds regulatory supremacy as the rate-limiting step and, in view of the emphasis placed on mitochondria1 translocations in the book, it is perhaps regrettable that a contribution by Haynes on