Biodiversity at the molecular genetic level: experiences from disparate macroorganisms.
Biodiversity at the molecular genetic level: experiences from disparate macroorganisms.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1994.0086
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发表时间：
1994-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Templeton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Templeton
遗传变异是种群适应性灵活性的基础，也是许多物种和群落水平多样性的最终进化基础。因此，保存和维持遗传多样性在许多养护方案中具有高度优先地位。本文讨论了如何在分子水平上测量遗传多样性，包括一些新的措施可能与限制性酶切位点或DNA序列数据，以及发展的系统发育方法来评估一个物种内的遗传变异的意义。这些遗传多样性的措施，然后被用来重新检查的有效性的50/500规则的保护生物学;一个规则，该规则规定，人口应该有不少于50人的遗传变异的短期维护和不少于500人的长期维护。这条规则的50和500部分都被认为是无效的，而且经常引起误解。保护生物学家应该认识到生物多样性在管理政策中的作用，而不是援引“普遍”规则。并非所有的物种都是一样的，我们需要更多的研究和尝试新方法的意愿，而不是天真地应用一个没有明显普遍性的“规则”。
Genetic variation is the basis of adaptive flexibility in populations and is the ultimate evolutionary basis of much species and community-level diversity. Accordingly, the preservation and maintenance of genetic diversity has a high priority in many conservation programmes. This paper discusses how genetic diversity is measured at the molecular level, including some newer measures made possible with restriction site or DNA sequence data as well as the development of a phylogenetic approach to assessing the significance of genetic variation within a species. These measures of genetic diversity are then used to re-examine the validity of the 50/500 rule of conservation biology; a rule that states that populations should have no fewer than 50 individuals for short-term maintenance of genetic variation and no fewer than 500 individuals for long-term maintenance. Both the 50 and 500 parts of this rule are found to be invalid and frequently misleading. Instead of invoking 'universal' rules, conservation biologists should recognize the role of biodiversity in management policies. Not all species are the same, and we need more research and a willingness to try novel approaches rather than naively apply a 'rule' that has no demonstrable generality.