When can stress facilitate divergence by altering time to flowering?
When can stress facilitate divergence by altering time to flowering?
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1821
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hodgins KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jordan CY;Ally D;Hodgins KA
应激源和异质性是自然环境普遍存在的特征，理论表明，当环境质量通过表型可塑性改变花期时，可能会导致分类交配，从而促进进化分化。因此，确定共同的生态胁迫是否会导致开花时间的类似变化是很重要的。我们回顾了以前的研究，以确定两个重要的应激因素--限水和食草--是否在物种之间诱导一致的开花时间反应；例如，限水和食草都延迟开花的频率是多少？我们把重点放在开花时间的变化方向上，这影响了异质环境中分歧的可能性。我们也测试了这些应激源是否影响开花时间和非物候期性状。文献综述表明，水分限制对开花时间有不同的影响，而草食植物以异常一致的方式推迟开花。在Mimulus实验中，低水分和草食分别提前和延迟开花。总体而言，我们的结果缓和了关于栖息地诱导的开花时间变化导致进化分歧的理论预测；特别是，我们讨论了如何解释开花时间变化方向的变化如何增加或减少分歧的可能性。此外，我们告诫不要对压力诱导的物候变化进行适应性解释。
Stressors and heterogeneity are ubiquitous features of natural environments, and theory suggests that when environmental qualities alter flowering schedules through phenotypic plasticity, assortative mating can result that promotes evolutionary divergence. Therefore, it is important to determine whether common ecological stressors induce similar changes in flowering time. We review previous studies to determine whether two important stressors, water restriction and herbivory, induce consistent flowering time responses among species; for example, how often do water restriction and herbivory both delay flowering? We focus on the direction of change in flowering time, which affects the potential for divergence in heterogeneous environments. We also tested whether these stressors influenced time to flowering and nonphenology traits using Mimulus guttatus. The literature review suggests that water restriction has variable effects on flowering time, whereas herbivory delays flowering with exceptional consistency. In the Mimulus experiment, low water and herbivory advanced and delayed flowering, respectively. Overall, our results temper theoretical predictions for evolutionary divergence due to habitat‐induced changes in flowering time; in particular, we discuss how accounting for variation in the direction of change in flowering time can either increase or decrease the potential for divergence. In addition, we caution against adaptive interpretations of stress‐induced phenology shifts.