Culture experiments on intestinal flagellates; trichomonad and other flagellates obtained from man and certain rodents.
Culture experiments on intestinal flagellates; trichomonad and other flagellates obtained from man and certain rodents.
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肠道鞭毛虫培养实验；
DOI：
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发表时间：
1946
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wenrich Dh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenrich Dh
这些报告中描述的培养实验最初是作为鞭毛滴虫形态研究的一部分进行的。似乎有必要对文献中某些描述中的建议进行检验，即在文化条件下，这种鞭毛的形态有时会发生变化，这往往会使物种之间的差异失效。对于栽培的物种，可以说在本研究期间特定的性状保持不变。在鞭毛滴虫的培养工作中，显然不会形成真正的包囊，习惯上是检查培养物并进行频繁的间隔移植。这种处理方法是基于一种被广泛接受的观点，即文化人口的减少是由于有毒废物的积累和食物供应的枯竭。为了节省时间和劳动力，本研究试图通过不时添加营养物质来延长单个培养物的寿命，并用蒸馏水来取代因蒸发而失去的营养物质，而不是制作如此多的继代培养物。一些这样处理的培养物在令人惊讶的长时间内保持阳性。这项工作的另一个方面与宿主和寄生虫的关系有关。据推测，生活在体外的鞭毛滴虫在接触到新宿主方面比在宿主外难以生存的宿主更有优势。理论上，在室温下存活的温血宿主的肠道鞭毛虫比需要接近宿主温度的宿主更有可能接触到新的宿主。肠道鞭毛虫可以通过向水中添加营养物质在培养中生长，在获得新宿主方面可能比不能在水中生存的宿主更有优势。这些各种考虑决定了所开展的文化工作的性质。在第一份报告中，将描述截至1945年6月底对人毛滴虫和各种啮齿动物肠道鞭毛虫的培养实验结果。感谢M.Rothman博士提供了含有人毛滴虫的标本；感谢LeRoy Saxe先生从狗身上进行了人毛滴虫培养；感谢H.A.Walters先生有机会检查一只叙利亚仓鼠(Crictus Auratus)和两只袖珍地鼠(Thomomys Bottae)；感谢宾夕法尼亚州格伦诺登的Sharp and Dohme博士；感谢费城Smyth实验室的H.A.Shelanski博士用于豚鼠；感谢Shelanski博士用于培养细胞的大鼠；感谢M.Frumin先生用于一小批白色小鼠。我还感谢密苏里州堪萨斯城的Cerophyl实验室提供的Cerophyl样本，以及芝加哥的威尔逊实验室在确保胃粘蛋白供应方面的合作。
The culture experiments to be described in these reports were originally undertaken as part of a study of the morphology of trichomonad flagellates. It seemed desirable to test the suggestion made in some accounts in the literature that under cultural conditions the morphology of such flagellates sometimes undergoes alterations which tend to invalidate distinctions among the species. For the species cultivated it can be said that specific characters remained constant during this study. In culture work on trichomonad flagellates, which apparently do not form true cysts, it is customary to examine cultures and to make transplants at frequent intervals. This method of handling is based upon the widely accepted idea that culture populations decline as a result of the accumulation of noxious waste products as well as to an exhaustion of food supplies. In an effort to save time and labor in the present study, attempts were made to prolong the life of individual cultures by adding nutrients from time to time, and distilled water to replace that lost by evaporation, instead of making so many subcultures. Some of the cultures so treated have remained positive for surprisingly long periods of time. Another aspect of the work concerns itself with host-parasite relations. Presumably a trichomonad flagellate that lives in vitro has advantages in reaching a new host over one that can live only with difficulty outside the host. An intestinal flagellate of a warm-blooded host that survives at room temperature has, theoretically, a better chance of reaching a new host than one that requires temperatures close to that of the host. An intestinal flagellate that can develop in cultures made by adding nutrients to water probably has greater advantages in getting to a new host than one that cannot live in water. These various considerations have determined the nature of the culture work undertaken. In this first report, results of culture experiments on Trichomonas hominis and on intestinal flagellates from various rodents, handled up to the end of June, 1945, will be described. I am indebted to Dr. M. M. Rothman for specimens containing Trichomonas hominis; to Mr. LeRoy Saxe for a culture of this species from a dog; to Mr. H. A. Walters for opportunities to examine a Syrian hamster (Cricetus auratus) and two pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) ; to Sharp and Dohme, Glenolden, Pa., and to Dr. H. A. Shelanski, of Smyth Laboratories, Philadelphia, for guinea-pigs; to Dr. Shelanski for the rats from which cultures were made; and to Mr. M. Frumin for a small series of white mice. I am also indebted to the Cerophyl Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo., for a sample of cerophyl, and to the Wilson Laboratories of Chicago for their cooperation in securing a supply of gastric mucin.