Effects of particle composition and species on toxicity of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic organisms
Effects of particle composition and species on toxicity of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic organisms
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DOI：
10.1897/08-002.1
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Barber, David S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffitt, Robert J.;Luo, Jing;Barber, David S.
金属纳米颗粒是最广泛使用的工程纳米材料类型之一;然而，人们对其环境命运和影响知之甚少。为了评估工程纳米金属的潜在环境影响，重要的是要确定哪些物种对各种纳米材料的不利影响敏感。在本研究中，斑马鱼，水蚤，和藻类物种被用作各种营养水平和喂养策略的模型。为了了解观察到的效应是否由溶解引起，在测试前对颗粒进行表征，并在暴露期间测定颗粒浓度和溶解。将生物体暴露于纳米颗粒和可溶性盐形式的银、铜、铝、镍和钴以及二氧化钛纳米颗粒。我们的研究结果表明，纳米银和纳米铜在所有测试的生物体中引起毒性，48小时的半数致死浓度分别低至40和60 μ g/L，在蚤状蚤成虫中，而二氧化钛在任何测试中都没有引起毒性。不同物种对纳米金属毒性的敏感性不同，与较大的生物体相比，滤食性无脊椎动物对纳米金属暴露的敏感性明显更高（即，斑马鱼）。溶解在观察到的毒性中的作用也各不相同，银和铜的溶解作用较小，但显然，镍的溶解作用占毒性的大部分。基于添加的质量，纳米颗粒形式的金属比可溶形式的毒性小，但应开发其他剂量指标，以准确评估纳米颗粒暴露的浓度-响应关系。
Metallic nanoparticles are among the most widely used types of engineered nanomaterials; however, little is known about their environmental fate and effects. To assess potential environmental effects of engineered nanometals, it is important to determine which species are sensitive to adverse effects of various nanomaterials. In the present study, zebrafish, daphnids, and an algal species were used as models of various trophic levels and feeding strategies. To understand whether observed effects are caused by dissolution, particles were characterized before testing, and particle concentration and dissolution were determined during exposures. Organisms were exposed to silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, and cobalt as both nanoparticles and soluble salts as well as to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Our results indicate that nanosilver and nanocopper cause toxicity in all organisms tested, with 48-h median lethal concentrations as low as 40 and 60 mu g/L, respectively, in Daphnia pulex adults, whereas titanium dioxide did not cause toxicity in any of the tests. Susceptibility to nanometal toxicity differed among species, with filter-feeding invertebrates being markedly more susceptible to nanometal exposure compared with larger organisms (i.e., zebrafish). The role of dissolution in observed toxicity also varied, being minor for silver and copper but, apparently, accounting for most of the toxicity with nickel. Nanoparticulate forms of metals were less toxic than soluble forms based on mass added, but other dose metrics should be developed to accurately assess concentration - response relationships for nanoparticle exposures.