The 'common sense' memory belief system and its implications
The 'common sense' memory belief system and its implications
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DOI：
10.1177/1365712718784045
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Conway, Martin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akhtar, Shazia;Justice, Lucy, V;Conway, Martin A.
记忆专家、警察和公众完成了一份记忆问卷，其中包含一系列关于自传体记忆的陈述。这些陈述涵盖了记忆的性质、准确性的决定因素以及情感和创伤与记忆的关系等问题，受访者表示同意/不同意每一项陈述。研究发现，警察和公众都有一个“常识”记忆信念系统（CSMBS），在这个系统中，记忆就像视频/照片，准确性取决于回忆起的细节数量和它们的生动性。与此形成鲜明对比的是，记忆研究者所持有的科学记忆信念体系，主要基于科学证据，与CSMBS相反，记忆被认为是零碎的，细节的数量及其性质并不能预测准确性，记忆及其细节可能是错误的，甚至是错误的。CSMBS，这是在社会中普遍存在的问题，在提高记忆证据的错误判断的概率被认为是有问题的性质，并作为说明，适用于（非常高）的流失率在强奸投诉。
Memory experts, the police and the public completed a memory questionnaire containing a series of statements about autobiographical memory. The statements covered issues such as the nature of memory, determinants of accuracy and the relation of emotion and trauma to memory, and respondents indicated their agreement/disagreement with each of the statements. The police and public were found to share a 'common sense' memory belief system (CSMBS) in which memories were like videos/photographs, and accuracy was determined by the number of details recalled and also by their vividness. In direct contrast, the scientific memory belief system, held by memory researchers, largely based on scientific evidence, was the opposite of the CSMBS and memories were judged to be fragmentary, number of details and their nature did not predict accuracy, and memories and their details could be in error and even false. The problematic nature of the CSMBS, which is pervasive in society, in raising the probability of flawed judgments of memory evidence is considered and, by way of illustration, applied to the (very high) attrition rate in complaints of rape.