Defiance Theory and Life Course Explanations of Persistent Offending

Defiance Theory and Life Course Explanations of Persistent Offending
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反抗理论和持续犯罪的生命历程解释

DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Piquero
N. Piquero
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
Leana A. Bouffard;N. Piquero

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长期以来，犯罪学家一直在努力应对制裁的不同效果。为了澄清这些不同的影响，Sherman(1993)描述了一种关于制裁效果的一般理论，称为违抗理论。违抗理论认为，违抗的发生有四个必要条件：(A)制裁必须被认为是不公平的；(B)违法者必须有很差的约束力；(C)制裁必须被认为是污名化的；以及(D)违法者否认制裁所产生的耻辱。这项研究提供了对违抗理论的第一批实证评估之一。此外，本文还从生命历程的角度对违抗理论进行了考察，并分析了违抗行为的发展轨迹。使用1945年费城出生队列的数据，结果为这一理论提供了有希望的支持。
Criminologists have long grappled with the varying effect of sanctions. In an effort to clarify these divergent effects, Sherman (1993) delineated a general theory of sanction effects, termed defiance theory. Defiance theory anticipates that there are four necessary conditions for defiance to occur: (a) the sanction must be perceived as unfair; (b) the offender must be poorly bonded; (c) the sanction must be perceived as stigmatizing; and (d) the offender denies the shame produced by the sanction. This study provides one of the first empirical assessments of defiance theory. In addition, defiance theory is examined within the life-course perspective, and analyses address trajectories of offending. Using data from the 1945 Philadelphia Birth Cohort, the results yield promising support for the theory.