Hazard implications of small-scale edifice instability and sector collapse: a case history from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Hazard implications of small-scale edifice instability and sector collapse: a case history from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
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小规模建筑物不稳定和部门崩溃的危害影响：蒙特塞拉特苏弗里耶尔山火山的案例历史
DOI：
10.1144/gsl.mem.2002.021.01.16
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Stewart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Young;B. Voight;J. Barclay;R. Herd;J. Komorowski;A. Miller;R. Sparks;R. Stewart
在1995年至1998年蒙特塞拉特Soufrière Hills火山的穹顶增长阶段，我们记录了英格兰陨石坑陡峭南缘的不稳定，也就是众所周知的戈尔韦墙。马蹄形的英格兰陨石坑为以前的扇区坍塌提供了很好的证据，1996年底进行的评估预测了部分扇区坍塌和西南方向爆炸的可能性，这些危险以前在蒙特塞拉特没有认识到。1996年底，熔岩穹顶从主要的内生增长转变为外生增长，缓解了南区的压力。然而，1997年11月和12月，穹顶的迅速扩大导致戈尔韦地下围墙底部和邻近温泉地区的严重重新装填和最终的扇区崩溃。这一失败导致了1997年12月26日的碎片雪崩和横向爆炸。加勒比海和世界各地一些小火山的类似部门坍塌证明，建筑物不稳定通常发生在穹顶形成的喷发中。火山扇区坍塌和随之而来的横向爆炸造成的危险是极端的，这类火山的监测行动和灾害规划应侧重于这些，以及与穹隆扩大有关的传统火山碎屑流更常见的危险。
Abstract During the 1995 to 1998 phase of dome growth at Soufrière Hills Volcano on Montserrat, we documented instability of the steep southern rim of English's Crater, known as Galway's Wall. The horseshoe-shaped English's Crater provided good evidence for previous sector collapses, and assessments undertaken in late 1996 anticipated the possibility of a partial sector collapse and a SW-directed explosion, hazards previously unrecognized on Montserrat. A change from predominantly endogenous to exogenous growth of the lava dome at the end of 1996 eased the stress on the southern sector. However, rapid dome growth in November and December 1997 led to severe reloading and eventual sector failure at the base of the buried Galway's Wall and in the adjacent hot-spring area. This failure resulted in the debris avalanche and lateral blast of 26 December 1997. Similar sector collapses at a number of small volcanoes in the Caribbean, as well as worldwide, are evidence that edifice instability develops commonly in dome-forming eruptions. The hazards from a sector collapse and a consequent lateral blast are extreme, and monitoring operations and disaster planning at such volcanoes should focus on these, as well as on the more common hazards of conventional pyroclastic flows associated with dome growth.