MICROBIOLOGY OF SEAMOUNTS Common Patterns Observed in Community Structure
MICROBIOLOGY OF SEAMOUNTS Common Patterns Observed in Community Structure
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2010.67
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Moyer, Craig L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emerson, David;Moyer, Craig L.
与海山有关的生物多样性的发现引起了人们的极大兴趣。这些海底山脉的火山活动部分拥有各种各样的不寻常的微生物栖息地，从富含硫的黑烟囱到较冷，弥漫，富含铁的热液喷口。由于这些海山可能代表微生物多样性的热点，但我们对海山微生物学的了解仍处于起步阶段。在这里，我们讨论了最近的工作，检测海山微生物群落和观察到特定的社区群体可能是特定的地球化学情景，如铁和硫的循环。这些观察结果是基于代谢预测的系统发育特征所表现出的优势种群内发现这些微生物群落相比，在文化中发现的最密切相关的隔离。因此，这些研究结合了联合收割机使用的栽培依赖和非依赖的分析。主要使用克隆和测序技术-靶向小亚基核糖体基因（SSU rDNA）生物标志物沿着以及类似的生物分子工具（如末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）和定量聚合酶链反应（Q-PCR））完成了非培养依赖性研究，这些技术可用于确定细菌类型（类似于种属）。我们讨论的概念Zetaproteobacteria和/或Epsilonproteobacteria是最常见的成员的热液栖息地与海山表现出火山活动。还审查了另一种非喷发海山设想，例如，南查莫罗海山，一个活跃的弧前蛇纹岩泥火山。
Much interest has been generated by the discoveries of biodiversity associate with seamounts. The volcanically active portion of these undersea mountains hosts a remarkably diverse range of unusual microbial habitats, from black smokers rich in sulfur to cooler, diffuse, iron-rich hydrothermal vents. As such seamounts potentially represent hotspots of microbial diversity, yet our understanding of the microbiology of seamounts is still in its infancy. Here, we discuss recent work on the detection of seamount microbial communities and the observation that specific community groups may be indicative of specific geochemical scenarios, such as iron and sulfur cycling. These observations are based on the metabolisms predicted by phylogenetic characteristics exhibited by the dominant populations found within these microbial communities as compared to the closest related isolate found in culture. Therefore, these studies combine the use of both cultivation-dependent and -independent analyses. Cultivation-independent studies were primarily completed using cloning and sequencing techniques-targeting small subunit ribosomal gene (SSU rDNA) biomarkers along with similar biomolecular tools like terminal-restriction fragment length polymorph in (T-RFLP) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), which allow for the determination of phylotypes (analogous to species). We discuss the notion of Zetaproteobacteria and/or Epsilonproteobacteria being the most common members of hydrothermal habitats associated with seamounts exhibiting volcanic activity. Another noneruptive seamount scenario is also examined, for example, South Chamorro Seamount, an active forearc serpentinite mud volcano.