The Influence of Exercise on the Concentrations of Triglyceride and Cholesterol in Human Plasma
The Influence of Exercise on the Concentrations of Triglyceride and Cholesterol in Human Plasma
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运动对人体血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇浓度的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
W. Haskell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Haskell
运动对血浆脂质和脂蛋白浓度产生急性和慢性影响。大部分降低甘油三酯的作用是一种急性反应，而胆固醇的变化则具有更大的慢性成分。 Tg 急剧下降似乎是由于 LPL 活性增加导致分解代谢加速。运动后，在更长期的基础上，VLDL-Tg 合成减少也可能是由于组织胰岛素敏感性增加而发生的。通过同样的机制，接受过耐力训练的运动员的低体脂含量也有助于降低 Tg 浓度。血浆 Tg 对急性或慢性运动的反应程度很大程度上受运动前值的影响——只有当运动前值升高时，血浆 Tg 才会下降。运动对血浆胆固醇的主要影响似乎是耐力训练导致 HDL-C 的增加，这很可能与 LPL 活性和 Tg 分解代谢的增加有关。这种反应并不总是通过运动训练来实现，并且在以前久坐的女性中尤其难以表现出来。运动对 HDL-C 的影响可能会因体重减轻或营养摄入变化而增强，但这些相互关系尚未明确。存在剂量反应关系，阈值下限受基线 HDL-C 值和运动状态的影响。与耐力训练相关的较高 HDL-C 是密度较低的 HDL2 亚组分增加的结果，其中脂质和蛋白质成分均升高。训练后 LDL-C 的下降幅度相对较小。这些运动效果的生物学机制尚未确定。
Exercise exerts both acute and chronic effects on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Much of the triglyceride-lowering effect is an acute response, with the changes in cholesterol having a greater chronic component. The acute Tg decrease seems to be due to accelerated catabolism resulting from increased LPL activity. Following exercise, and on a more chronic basis, decreased VLDL-Tg synthesis may also occur in response to an increase in tissue insulin sensitivity. The low body fat content of endurance-trained athletes also contributes to lower Tg concentrations, through this same mechanism. The magnitude of the plasma Tg response to acute or chronic exercise is highly influenced by preexercise values--decreases in plasma Tg occur only when preexercise values are elevated. The major exercise effect on plasma cholesterol appears to be an increase in HDL-C as a result of endurance training, very likely related to the increase in LPL activity and Tg catabolism. This response is not always achieved with exercise training, and has been especially difficult to demonstrate in previously sedentary women. Exercise effects on HDL-C may be augmented by weight loss or changes in nutrient intake, but these interrelationships are not well established. A dose-response relationship exists, with the lower threshold influenced by baseline HDL-C values and exercise status. The higher HDL-C associated with endurance training is the result of increases in the less dense HDL2 subfraction, with elevations in both the lipid and protein components. Relatively small decreases in LDL-C occur with training. The biological mechanisms for these exercise effects have not been established.