Blood thicker than water: kinship, disease prevalence and group size drive divergent patterns of infection risk in a social mammal.
Blood thicker than water: kinship, disease prevalence and group size drive divergent patterns of infection risk in a social mammal.
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比水厚的血液：社交哺乳动物中的亲属关系，疾病患病率和群体大小驱动感染风险不同的模式。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2016.0798
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发表时间：
2016-07-27
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hodgson D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benton CH;Delahay RJ;Robertson A;McDonald RA;Wilson AJ;Burke TA;Hodgson D
人们普遍认为，种群的社会结构和亲属结构对野生动物疾病的传播具有重要意义，但对这一点的描述却很少。社会结构可以帮助稀释群体成员的传播风险，并且相对容易衡量，但亲属联系代表了更高层次的人口亚结构，难以衡量，特别是当联系行为发生在地下时。在这里，使用流行病学和分子遗传数据从野生的，高密度的欧洲獾（Meles meles），我们量化的风险感染牛分枝杆菌（结核病的病原体）的幼崽。风险随着其社会群体规模的增加而下降，但这种净稀释效应掩盖了不同的感染风险模式。只有当社会群体中有较高比例的测试阴性个体时，幼崽的风险才会降低。在有传染性成虫居住的社会群体中，幼仔遭受更高的感染风险，当幼仔和传染性成虫密切相关时，这些风险被夸大了。我们进一步确定了与居民感染性男性和女性相关的感染风险的关键差异。我们将我们的结果与亲子互动和其他亲属偏见联系起来，但也考虑了感染易感性是可遗传的可能性。这些感染风险模式有助于解释在低强度疫苗接种活动后观察到的獾群体免疫效应。他们还揭示了亲属关系和亲属关系是重要的，往往是隐藏的，在社会哺乳动物疾病传播的驱动因素。
The importance of social- and kin-structuring of populations for the transmission of wildlife disease is widely assumed but poorly described. Social structure can help dilute risks of transmission for group members, and is relatively easy to measure, but kin-association represents a further level of population sub-structure that is harder to measure, particularly when association behaviours happen underground. Here, using epidemiological and molecular genetic data from a wild, high-density population of the European badger (Meles meles), we quantify the risks of infection with Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of tuberculosis) in cubs. The risk declines with increasing size of its social group, but this net dilution effect conceals divergent patterns of infection risk. Cubs only enjoy reduced risk when social groups have a higher proportion of test-negative individuals. Cubs suffer higher infection risk in social groups containing resident infectious adults, and these risks are exaggerated when cubs and infectious adults are closely related. We further identify key differences in infection risk associated with resident infectious males and females. We link our results to parent–offspring interactions and other kin-biased association, but also consider the possibility that susceptibility to infection is heritable. These patterns of infection risk help to explain the observation of a herd immunity effect in badgers following low-intensity vaccination campaigns. They also reveal kinship and kin-association to be important, and often hidden, drivers of disease transmission in social mammals.