Recent Developments in Potable Water Reuse
Recent Developments in Potable Water Reuse
复制标题
饮用水回用的最新进展
DOI：
10.1007/698_2015_341
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Horstmeyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Drewes;N. Horstmeyer
通过使用经处理的废水流出物的饮用水再利用已经实践了50多年。全世界大多数项目的特点是间接饮用水回用，其中环境缓冲区（地下蓄水层或地表水水库）提供保留，额外衰减，并在用作饮用水之前混合。为了保护公众健康，这些项目采用了不同的处理工艺和组合，以建立针对微生物和化学污染物的多重屏障。由于环境分析化学的进步以及对再生水中可能对健康产生不利影响的新出现的污染物的认识，实施了额外的高级处理工艺（包括臭氧，高级氧化，活性炭）。随着先进水处理工艺的可靠性和几十年来的运行经验不断增加，在过去10年上线的项目中，环境缓冲区在提供处理和保留时间方面的作用得到了重新审视。最近的趋势是有利于直接饮用水回用应用，特别是在美国和南部非洲，可能会演变为新的模式，饮用水增加使用受损的水源水。然而，在适当保护公众健康、治疗的可靠性和程度、监测战略的适当性和设计、维护要求和费用等方面仍然存在问题。
Potable water reuse through the use of treated wastewater effluents has been practiced for more than 50 years. The majority of projects worldwide are characterized as indirect potable water reuse, where an environmental buffer (groundwater aquifer or surface water reservoir) provided retention, additional attenuation, and blending prior to use as drinking water. In order to protect public health, these projects have utilized different treatment processes and combinations to establish multiple barriers against microbial and chemical contaminants. Due to the advancements in environmental analytical chemistry and the recognition of contaminants of emerging concern occurring in reclaimed water that might exhibit adverse health effects, additional advanced treatment processes (including ozone, advanced oxidation, activated carbon) were implemented. With increasing reliability of advanced water treatment processes and operational experience over several decades, the role of the environmental buffer to provide treatment and retention time has been revisited in projects that came online during the last 10 years. Recent trends are favoring direct potable water reuse applications in particular in the USA and Southern Africa that might evolve as the new paradigm for drinking water augmentation using impaired source water. However, questions remain regarding proper protection of public health, reliability and degree of treatment, appropriateness and design of monitoring strategies, maintenance requirements, and cost.